Elixir v1.6.0 Path View Source

This module provides conveniences for manipulating or retrieving file system paths.

The functions in this module may receive a chardata as argument (i.e. a string or a list of characters / string) and will always return a string (encoded in UTF-8).

The majority of the functions in this module do not interact with the file system, except for a few functions that require it (like wildcard/2 and expand/1).

Link to this section Summary

Functions

Converts the given path to an absolute one. Unlike expand/1, no attempt is made to resolve .., . or ~

Builds a path from relative_to to path

Returns the last component of the path or the path itself if it does not contain any directory separators

Returns the last component of path with the extension stripped

Returns the directory component of path

Converts the path to an absolute one and expands any . and .. characters and a leading ~

Expands the path relative to the path given as the second argument expanding any . and .. characters

Returns the extension of the last component of path

Joins a list of paths

Joins two paths

Forces the path to be a relative path

Returns the given path relative to the given from path

Convenience to get the path relative to the current working directory

Returns the path with the extension stripped

Returns the path with the extension stripped

Splits the path into a list at the path separator

Returns the path type

Traverses paths according to the given glob expression and returns a list of matches

Link to this section Types

Link to this section Functions

Link to this function absname(path) View Source
absname(t()) :: binary()

Converts the given path to an absolute one. Unlike expand/1, no attempt is made to resolve .., . or ~.

Examples

Unix

Path.absname("foo")
#=> "/usr/local/foo"

Path.absname("../x")
#=> "/usr/local/../x"

Windows

Path.absname("foo").
#=> "D:/usr/local/foo"
Path.absname("../x").
#=> "D:/usr/local/../x"
Link to this function absname(path, relative_to) View Source
absname(t(), t()) :: binary()

Builds a path from relative_to to path.

If path is already an absolute path, relative_to is ignored. See also relative_to/2.

Unlike expand/2, no attempt is made to resolve .., . or ~.

Examples

iex> Path.absname("foo", "bar")
"bar/foo"

iex> Path.absname("../x", "bar")
"bar/../x"
Link to this function basename(path) View Source
basename(t()) :: binary()

Returns the last component of the path or the path itself if it does not contain any directory separators.

Examples

iex> Path.basename("foo")
"foo"

iex> Path.basename("foo/bar")
"bar"

iex> Path.basename("/")
""
Link to this function basename(path, extension) View Source
basename(t(), t()) :: binary()

Returns the last component of path with the extension stripped.

This function should be used to remove a specific extension which may or may not be there.

Examples

iex> Path.basename("~/foo/bar.ex", ".ex")
"bar"

iex> Path.basename("~/foo/bar.exs", ".ex")
"bar.exs"

iex> Path.basename("~/foo/bar.old.ex", ".ex")
"bar.old"
Link to this function dirname(path) View Source
dirname(t()) :: binary()

Returns the directory component of path.

Examples

iex> Path.dirname("/foo/bar.ex")
"/foo"

iex> Path.dirname("/foo/bar/baz.ex")
"/foo/bar"

iex> Path.dirname("/foo/bar/")
"/foo/bar"
Link to this function expand(path) View Source
expand(t()) :: binary()

Converts the path to an absolute one and expands any . and .. characters and a leading ~.

Examples

Path.expand("/foo/bar/../bar")
#=> "/foo/bar"
Link to this function expand(path, relative_to) View Source
expand(t(), t()) :: binary()

Expands the path relative to the path given as the second argument expanding any . and .. characters.

If the path is already an absolute path, relative_to is ignored.

Note that this function treats a path with a leading ~ as an absolute one.

The second argument is first expanded to an absolute path.

Examples

# Assuming that the absolute path to baz is /quux/baz
Path.expand("foo/bar/../bar", "baz")
#=> "/quux/baz/foo/bar"

Path.expand("foo/bar/../bar", "/baz")
"/baz/foo/bar"
Path.expand("/foo/bar/../bar", "/baz")
"/foo/bar"
Link to this function extname(path) View Source
extname(t()) :: binary()

Returns the extension of the last component of path.

Examples

iex> Path.extname("foo.erl")
".erl"

iex> Path.extname("~/foo/bar")
""
Link to this function join(list) View Source
join([t(), ...]) :: binary()

Joins a list of paths.

This function should be used to convert a list of paths to a path. Note that any trailing slash is removed when joining.

Examples

iex> Path.join(["~", "foo"])
"~/foo"

iex> Path.join(["foo"])
"foo"

iex> Path.join(["/", "foo", "bar/"])
"/foo/bar"
Link to this function join(left, right) View Source
join(t(), t()) :: binary()

Joins two paths.

The right path will always be expanded to its relative format and any trailing slash will be removed when joining.

Examples

iex> Path.join("foo", "bar")
"foo/bar"

iex> Path.join("/foo", "/bar/")
"/foo/bar"

The functions in this module support chardata, so giving a list will treat it as a single entity:

iex> Path.join("foo", ["bar", "fiz"])
"foo/barfiz"

iex> Path.join(["foo", "bar"], "fiz")
"foobar/fiz"
Link to this function relative(name) View Source
relative(t()) :: binary()

Forces the path to be a relative path.

Examples

Unix

Path.relative("/usr/local/bin")   #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("usr/local/bin")    #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("../usr/local/bin") #=> "../usr/local/bin"

Windows

Path.relative("D:/usr/local/bin") #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("usr/local/bin")    #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("D:bar.ex")         #=> "bar.ex"
Path.relative("/bar/foo.ex")      #=> "bar/foo.ex"
Link to this function relative_to(path, from) View Source
relative_to(t(), t()) :: binary()

Returns the given path relative to the given from path.

In other words, this function tries to strip the from prefix from path.

This function does not query the file system, so it assumes no symlinks between the paths.

In case a direct relative path cannot be found, it returns the original path.

Examples

iex> Path.relative_to("/usr/local/foo", "/usr/local")
"foo"

iex> Path.relative_to("/usr/local/foo", "/")
"usr/local/foo"

iex> Path.relative_to("/usr/local/foo", "/etc")
"/usr/local/foo"
Link to this function relative_to_cwd(path) View Source
relative_to_cwd(t()) :: binary()

Convenience to get the path relative to the current working directory.

If, for some reason, the current working directory cannot be retrieved, this function returns the given path.

Link to this function rootname(path) View Source
rootname(t()) :: binary()

Returns the path with the extension stripped.

Examples

iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar")
"/foo/bar"

iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar.ex")
"/foo/bar"
Link to this function rootname(path, extension) View Source
rootname(t(), t()) :: binary()

Returns the path with the extension stripped.

This function should be used to remove a specific extension which may or may not be there.

Examples

iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar.erl", ".erl")
"/foo/bar"

iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar.erl", ".ex")
"/foo/bar.erl"
Link to this function split(path) View Source
split(t()) :: [binary()]

Splits the path into a list at the path separator.

If an empty string is given, returns an empty list.

On Windows, path is split on both “\” and “/“ separators and the driver letter, if there is one, is always returned in lowercase.

Examples

iex> Path.split("")
[]

iex> Path.split("foo")
["foo"]

iex> Path.split("/foo/bar")
["/", "foo", "bar"]
Link to this function type(name) View Source
type(t()) :: :absolute | :relative | :volumerelative

Returns the path type.

Examples

Unix

Path.type("/")                #=> :absolute
Path.type("/usr/local/bin")   #=> :absolute
Path.type("usr/local/bin")    #=> :relative
Path.type("../usr/local/bin") #=> :relative
Path.type("~/file")           #=> :relative

Windows

Path.type("D:/usr/local/bin") #=> :absolute
Path.type("usr/local/bin")    #=> :relative
Path.type("D:bar.ex")         #=> :volumerelative
Path.type("/bar/foo.ex")      #=> :volumerelative
Link to this function wildcard(glob, opts \\ []) View Source
wildcard(t(), keyword()) :: [binary()]

Traverses paths according to the given glob expression and returns a list of matches.

The wildcard looks like an ordinary path, except that certain “wildcard characters” are interpreted in a special way. The following characters are special:

  • ? - matches one character

  • * - matches any number of characters up to the end of the filename, the next dot, or the next slash

  • ** - two adjacent *’s used as a single pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories

  • [char1,char2,...] - matches any of the characters listed; two characters separated by a hyphen will match a range of characters. Do not add spaces before and after the comma as it would then match paths containing the space character itself.

  • {item1,item2,...} - matches one of the alternatives Do not add spaces before and after the comma as it would then match paths containing the space character itself.

Other characters represent themselves. Only paths that have exactly the same character in the same position will match. Note that matching is case-sensitive: "a" will not match "A".

By default, the patterns * and ? do not match files starting with a dot . unless match_dot: true is given in opts.

Examples

Imagine you have a directory called projects with three Elixir projects inside of it: elixir, ex_doc, and plug. You can find all .beam files inside the ebin directory of each project as follows:

Path.wildcard("projects/*/ebin/**/*.beam")

If you want to search for both .beam and .app files, you could do:

Path.wildcard("projects/*/ebin/**/*.{beam,app}")