Parse a string locale-aware manner and return a number.

Arguments

• string is any String.t

• options is a keyword list of options

Options

• :number is one of :integer, :float, :decimal or nil. The default is nil meaning that the type auto-detected as either an integer or a float.

• :locale is any locale returned by Cldr.Print.Backend.known_locale_names/0 or a Cldr.LanguageTag.t. The default is Cldr.Print.Backend.get_locale/0.

Returns

• A number of the requested or default type or

• {:error, string} if no number could be determined

Notes

This function parses a string to return a number but in a locale-aware manner. It will normalise grouping characters and decimal separators, different forms of the + and - symbols that appear in Unicode and strips any _ characters that might be used for formatting in a string. It then parses the number using the Elixir standard library functions.

Examples

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.parse("＋1.000,34", locale: "de")
{:ok, 1000.34}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.parse("-1_000_000.34")
{:ok, -1000000.34}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.parse("1.000", locale: "de", number: :integer)
{:ok, 1000}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.parse("＋1.000,34", locale: "de", number: :integer)
{:error, "＋1.000,34"}

Resolve curencies from strings within a list.

Arguments

• list is any list in which currency names and symbols are expected

• options is a keyword list of options

Options

• :locale is any valid locale returned by Cldr.known_locale_names/1 or a Cldr.LanguageTag struct returned by Cldr.Locale.new!/2 The default is Cldr.Print.Backend.get_locale()

• :only is an atom or list of atoms representing the currencies or currency types to be considered for a match. The equates to a list of acceptable currencies for parsing. See the notes below for currency types.

• :except is an atom or list of atoms representing the currencies or currency types to be not considered for a match. This equates to a list of unacceptable currencies for parsing. See the notes below for currency types.

• :fuzzy is a float greater than 0.0 and less than or equal to 1.0 which is used as input to String.jaro_distance/2 to determine is the provided currency string is close enough to a known currency string for it to identify definitively a currency code. It is recommended to use numbers greater than 0.8 in order to reduce false positives.

Notes

The :only and :except options accept a list of currency codes and/or currency types. The following types are recognised.

If both :only and :except are specified, the :except entries take priority - that means any entries in :except are removed from the :only entries.

• :all, the default, considers all currencies

• :current considers those currencies that have a :to date of nil and which also is a known ISO4217 currency

• :historic is the opposite of :current

• :tender considers currencies that are legal tender

• :unannotated considers currencies that don't have "(some string)" in their names. These are usually financial instruments.

Examples

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("100 US dollars")
...> |> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.resolve_currencies
[100, :USD]

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("100 eurosports")
...> |> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.resolve_currencies(fuzzy: 0.75)
[100, :EUR]

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("100 dollars des États-Unis")
...> |> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.resolve_currencies(locale: "fr")
[100, :USD]

Resolve a currency from a string

Arguments

• list is any list in which currency names and symbols are expected

• options is a keyword list of options

Options

• :backend is any module() that includes use Cldr and therefore is a Cldr backend module(). The default is Cldr.default_backend/0

• :locale is any valid locale returned by Cldr.known_locale_names/1 or a Cldr.LanguageTag struct returned by Cldr.Locale.new!/2 The default is Cldr.Print.Backend.get_locale()

• :only is an atom or list of atoms representing the currencies or currency types to be considered for a match. The equates to a list of acceptable currencies for parsing. See the notes below for currency types.

• :except is an atom or list of atoms representing the currencies or currency types to be not considered for a match. This equates to a list of unacceptable currencies for parsing. See the notes below for currency types.

• :fuzzy is a float greater than 0.0 and less than or equal to 1.0 which is used as input to String.jaro_distance/2 to determine is the provided currency string is close enough to a known currency string for it to identify definitively a currency code. It is recommended to use numbers greater than 0.8 in order to reduce false positives.

Returns

• An ISO4217 currency code as an atom or

• {:error, {exception, message}}

Notes

The :only and :except options accept a list of currency codes and/or currency types. The following types are recognised.

If both :only and :except are specified, the :except entries take priority - that means any entries in :except are removed from the :only entries.

• :all, the default, considers all currencies

• :current considers those currencies that have a :to date of nil and which also is a known ISO4217 currency

• :historic is the opposite of :current

• :tender considers currencies that are legal tender

• :unannotated considers currencies that don't have "(some string)" in their names. These are usually financial instruments.

Examples

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.resolve_currency("US dollars")
:USD

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.resolve_currency("100 eurosports", fuzzy: 0.75)
:EUR

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.resolve_currency("dollars des États-Unis", locale: "fr")
:USD

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.resolve_currency("not a known currency", locale: "fr")
{:error,
 {Cldr.UnknownCurrencyError,
  "The currency \"not a known currency\" is unknown or not supported"}}

Scans a string locale-aware manner and returns a list of strings and numbers.

Arguments

• string is any String.t

• options is a keyword list of options

Options

• :number is one of :integer, :float, :decimal or nil. The default is nil meaning that the type auto-detected as either an integer or a float.

• :locale is any locale returned by Cldr.known_locale_names/1 or a Cldr.LanguageTag.t. The default is Cldr.Print.Backend.get_locale/0.

Returns

• A list of strings and numbers

Notes

Number parsing is performed by Cldr.Number.Parser.parse/2 and any options provided are passed to that function.

Examples

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("£1_000_000.34")
["£", 1000000.34]

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("I want £1_000_000 dollars")
["I want £", 1000000, " dollars"]

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("The prize is 23")
["The prize is ", 23]

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("The lottery number is 23 for the next draw")
["The lottery number is ", 23, " for the next draw"]

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.scan("The loss is -1.000 euros", locale: "de", number: :integer)
["The loss is ", -1000, " euros"]

Specs

to_approx_string(number() | Decimal.t(), Keyword.t() | Keyword.t() | map()) ::
  {:ok, String.t()} | {:error, {module(), String.t()}}

Formats a number and applies the :approximately format for a locale and number system.

Arguments

• number is an integer, float or Decimal to be formatted

• options is a keyword list defining how the number is to be formatted. See Cldr.Number.to_string/3 for a description of the available options.

Example

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_approx_string 1234
{:ok, "~1,234"}

Specs

to_at_least_string(number() | Decimal.t(), Keyword.t() | Keyword.t() | map()) ::
  {:ok, String.t()} | {:error, {module(), String.t()}}

Formats a number and applies the :at_least format for a locale and number system.

Arguments

• number is an integer, float or Decimal to be formatted

• options is a keyword list defining how the number is to be formatted. See Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string/2 for a description of the available options.

Example

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_at_least_string 1234
{:ok, "1,234+"}

Specs

to_at_most_string(number() | Decimal.t(), Keyword.t() | Keyword.t() | map()) ::
  {:ok, String.t()} | {:error, {module(), String.t()}}

Formats a number and applies the :at_most format for a locale and number system.

Arguments

• number is an integer, float or Decimal to be formatted

• options is a keyword list defining how the number is to be formatted. See Cldr.Number.to_string/3 for a description of the available options.

Example

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_at_most_string 1234
{:ok, "≤1,234"}

Specs

to_range_string(Range.t(), Keyword.t() | Keyword.t() | map()) ::
  {:ok, String.t()} | {:error, {module(), String.t()}}

Formats the first and last numbers of a range and applies the :range format for a locale and number system.

Arguments

• number is an integer, float or Decimal to be formatted

• options is a keyword list defining how the number is to be formatted. See Cldr.Number.to_string/3 for a description of the available options.

Example

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_range_string 1234..5678
{:ok, "1,234–5,678"}

Specs

to_string(number() | Decimal.t(), Keyword.t() | map()) ::
  {:ok, String.t()} | {:error, {atom(), String.t()}}

Returns a number formatted into a string according to a format pattern and options.

Arguments

• number is an integer, float or Decimal to be formatted

• options is a keyword list defining how the number is to be formatted.

Options

• format: the format style or a format string defining how the number is formatted. See Cldr.Number.Format for how format strings can be constructed. See Cldr.Number.Format.format_styles_for/3 to return available format styles for a locale. The default format is :standard.

• If :format is set to :long or :short then the formatting depends on whether :currency is specified. If not specified then the number is formatted as :decimal_long or :decimal_short. If :currency is specified the number is formatted as :currency_long or :currency_short and :fractional_digits is set to 0 as a default.

• :format may also be a format defined by CLDR's Rules Based Number Formats (RBNF). Further information is found in the module Cldr.Rbnf. The most commonly used formats in this category are to spell out the number in a the locales language. The applicable formats are :spellout, :spellout_year, :ordinal. A number can also be formatted as roman numbers by using the format :roman or :roman_lower.

• currency: is the currency for which the number is formatted. For available currencies see Cldr.Currency.known_currencies/0. This option is required if :format is set to :currency. If currency is set and no :format is set, :format will be set to :currency as well.

• :cash: a boolean which indicates whether a number being formatted as a :currency is to be considered a cash value or not. Currencies can be rounded differently depending on whether :cash is true or false. *This option is deprecated in favour of currency_digits: :cash.

• :currency_digits indicates which of the rounding and digits should be used. The options are :accounting which is the default, :cash or :iso

• :rounding_mode: determines how a number is rounded to meet the precision of the format requested. The available rounding modes are :down, :half_up, :half_even, :ceiling, :floor, :half_down, :up. The default is :half_even.

• :number_system: determines which of the number systems for a locale should be used to define the separators and digits for the formatted number. If number_system is an atom then number_system is interpreted as a number system. If the :number_system is binary then it is interpreted as a number system name. See Cldr.Number.System.number_system_names_for/2. The default is :default.

• :locale: determines the locale in which the number is formatted. See Cldr.known_locale_names/0. The default isCldr.get_locale/0 which is the locale currently in affect for this Process and which is set by Cldr.put_locale/1.

• If :fractional_digits is set to a positive integer value then the number will be rounded to that number of digits and displayed accordingly - overriding settings that would be applied by default. For example, currencies have fractional digits defined reflecting each currencies minor unit. Setting :fractional_digits will override that setting.

• If :round_nearest is set to a positive integer value then the number will be rounded to nearest increment of that value - overriding settings that would be applied by default.

• :minimum_grouping_digits overrides the CLDR definition of minimum grouping digits. For example in the locale es the number 1234 is formatted by default as 1345 because the locale defines the minimium_grouping_digits as 2. If minimum_grouping_digits: 1 is set as an option the number is formatting as 1.345. The :minimum_grouping_digits is added to the grouping defined by the number format. If the sum of these two digits is greater than the number of digits in the integer (or fractional) part of the number then no grouping is performed.

Locale extensions affecting formatting

A locale identifier can specify options that affect number formatting. These options are:

• cu: defines what currency is implied when no curreny is specified in the call to to_string/2.

• cf: defines whether to use currency or accounting format for formatting currencies. This overrides the format: :currency and format: :accounting options.

• nu: defines the number system to be used if none is specified by the :number_system option to to_string/2

These keys are part of the u extension and that document should be consulted for details on how to construct a locale identifier with these extensions.

Returns

• {:ok, string} or

• {:error, {exception, message}}

Examples

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 12345
{:ok, "12,345"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 12345, locale: "fr"
{:ok, "12 345"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1345.32, currency: :EUR, locale: "es", minimum_grouping_digits: 1
{:ok, "1.345,32 €"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1345.32, currency: :EUR, locale: "es"
{:ok, "1345,32 €"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 12345, locale: "fr", currency: "USD"
{:ok, "12 345,00 $US"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 12345, format: "#E0"
{:ok, "1.2345E4"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 12345, format: :accounting, currency: "THB"
{:ok, "THB 12,345.00"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string -12345, format: :accounting, currency: "THB"
{:ok, "(THB 12,345.00)"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 12345, format: :accounting, currency: "THB",
...> locale: "th"
{:ok, "฿12,345.00"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 12345, format: :accounting, currency: "THB",
...> locale: "th", number_system: :native
{:ok, "฿๑๒,๓๔๕.๐๐"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1244.30, format: :long
{:ok, "1 thousand"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1244.30, format: :long, currency: "USD"
{:ok, "1,244 US dollars"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1244.30, format: :short
{:ok, "1K"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1244.30, format: :short, currency: "EUR"
{:ok, "€1K"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1234, format: :spellout
{:ok, "one thousand two hundred thirty-four"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1234, format: :spellout_verbose
{:ok, "one thousand two hundred and thirty-four"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 1989, format: :spellout_year
{:ok, "nineteen eighty-nine"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 123, format: :ordinal
{:ok, "123rd"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 123, format: :roman
{:ok, "CXXIII"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 123, locale: "th-u-nu-thai"
{:ok, "๑๒๓"}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string 123, format: :currency, locale: "en-u-cu-thb"
{:ok, "THB 123.00"}

Errors

An error tuple {:error, reason} will be returned if an error is detected. The two most likely causes of an error return are:

• A format cannot be compiled. In this case the error tuple will look like:

    iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string(12345, format: "0#")
    {:error, {Cldr.FormatCompileError,
      "Decimal format compiler: syntax error before: \"#\""}}

• The format style requested is not defined for the locale and number_system. This happens typically when the number system is :algorithmic rather than the more common :numeric. In this case the error return looks like:

    iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string(1234, locale: "he", number_system: "hebr")
    {:error, {Cldr.UnknownFormatError,
      "The locale \"he\" with number system :hebr does not define a format :standard"}}

Specs

to_string!(number() | Decimal.t(), Keyword.t() | map()) :: String.t() | module()

Same as the execution of to_string/2 but raises an exception if an error would be returned.

Arguments

• number is an integer, float or Decimal to be formatted

• options is a keyword list defining how the number is to be formatted. See Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string/2

Returns

• a formatted number as a string or

• raises an exception

Examples

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string! 12345
"12,345"

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.to_string! 12345, locale: "fr"
"12 345"

Specs

validate_number_system(
  Cldr.Locale.locale_name() | Cldr.LanguageTag.t(),
  Cldr.Number.System.system_name() | Cldr.Number.System.types()
) :: {:ok, Cldr.Number.System.system_name()} | {:error, {module(), String.t()}}

Return a valid number system from a provided locale and number system name or type.

The number system or number system type must be valid for the given locale. If a number system type is provided, the underlying number system is returned.

Arguments

• locale is any valid locale name returned by Cldr.known_locale_names/1 or a Cldr.LanguageTag struct returned by Cldr.Locale.new!/2

• system_name is any number system name returned by Cldr.known_number_systems/0 or a number system type returned by Cldr.known_number_system_types/0

Examples

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.validate_number_system "en", :latn
{:ok, :latn}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.validate_number_system "en", :default
{:ok, :latn}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.validate_number_system "en", :unknown
{:error,
 {Cldr.UnknownNumberSystemError, "The number system :unknown is unknown"}}

iex> Cldr.Print.Backend.Number.validate_number_system "zz", :default
{:error, {Cldr.UnknownLocaleError, "The locale \"zz\" is not known."}}