Represents a JSON Schema object for validating tool parameters.

This module provides a structured way to define JSON schemas that are used for input and output validation in MCP tools, following the MCP specification which implements recursive schema definitions.

Schemas can be:

• StringSchema: Simple string values with optional enum and description
• NumberSchema: Numeric values (number or integer) with optional description
• BooleanSchema: Boolean values with optional description
• ArraySchema: Arrays with items that can be any schema type
• ObjectSchema: Objects with typed properties, optional required fields, and description

All schema types support optional description fields.

Fields (shared across schema types)

• type - The JSON type: "object", "string", "number", "integer", "boolean", "array"
• description - Human-readable description (optional)
• properties - Map of property schemas for object types (ObjectSchema only)
• required - List of required property names (ObjectSchema only)
• items - Schema for array items (ArraySchema only)
• enum - List of allowed values (StringSchema only)
• default - Default value if not provided (any type)

Examples

# StringSchema
iex> string_schema = McpServer.Schema.new(
...>   type: "string",
...>   description: "A user name",
...>   enum: ["alice", "bob", "charlie"]
...> )
%McpServer.Schema{type: "string", description: "A user name", enum: ["alice", "bob", "charlie"]}

# NumberSchema
iex> number_schema = McpServer.Schema.new(
...>   type: "number",
...>   description: "A decimal value"
...> )
%McpServer.Schema{type: "number", description: "A decimal value"}

# BooleanSchema
iex> bool_schema = McpServer.Schema.new(
...>   type: "boolean",
...>   description: "A flag",
...>   default: true
...> )
%McpServer.Schema{type: "boolean", description: "A flag", default: true}

# ArraySchema
iex> array_schema = McpServer.Schema.new(
...>   type: "array",
...>   items: McpServer.Schema.new(type: "string")
...> )
%McpServer.Schema{
  type: "array",
  items: %McpServer.Schema{type: "string"}
}

# ObjectSchema (recursive)
iex> object_schema = McpServer.Schema.new(
...>   type: "object",
...>   properties: %{
...>     "name" => McpServer.Schema.new(type: "string", description: "User name"),
...>     "age" => McpServer.Schema.new(type: "integer", description: "User age")
...>   },
...>   required: ["name"]
...> )
%McpServer.Schema{
  type: "object",
  properties: %{
    "name" => %McpServer.Schema{type: "string", description: "User name"},
    "age" => %McpServer.Schema{type: "integer", description: "User age"}
  },
  required: ["name"]
}