Conveniences for decoding and encoding url encoded queries.

Plug allows a developer to build query strings that map to Elixir structures in order to make manipulation of such structures easier on the server side. Here are some examples:

iex> decode("foo=bar")["foo"]
"bar"

If a value is given more than once, the last value takes precedence:

iex> decode("foo=bar&foo=baz")["foo"]
"baz"

Nested structures can be created via [key]:

iex> decode("foo[bar]=baz")["foo"]["bar"]
"baz"

Lists are created with []:

iex> decode("foo[]=bar&foo[]=baz")["foo"]
["bar", "baz"]

Keys without values are treated as empty strings, according to https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#application/x-www-form-urlencoded:

iex> decode("foo")["foo"]
""

Maps can be encoded:

iex> encode(%{foo: "bar", baz: "bat"})
"baz=bat&foo=bar"

Encoding keyword lists preserves the order of the fields:

iex> encode([foo: "bar", baz: "bat"])
"foo=bar&baz=bat"

When encoding keyword lists with duplicate keys, the key that comes first takes precedence:

iex> encode([foo: "bar", foo: "bat"])
"foo=bar"

Encoding named lists:

iex> encode(%{foo: ["bar", "baz"]})
"foo[]=bar&foo[]=baz"

Encoding nested structures:

iex> encode(%{foo: %{bar: "baz"}})
"foo[bar]=baz"