Returns a specification to start this module under a supervisor.

The default options listed in Supervisor are used.

Runs a database compaction.

As write operations are performed on a database, its file grows. Occasionally, a compaction operation can be run to shrink the file to its optimal size. Compaction runs in the background and does not block operations.

Only one compaction operation can run at any time, therefore if this function is called when a compaction is already running, it returns {:error, :pending_compaction}.

When compacting, CubDB will create a new data file, and eventually switch to it and remove the old one as the compaction succeeds. For this reason, during a compaction, there should be enough disk space for a second copy of the database file.

Compaction can create disk contention, so it should not be performed unnecessarily often.

Returns the path of the current database file.

The current database file will change after a compaction operation.

Example

{:ok, db} = CubDB.start_link("some/data/directory")

CubDB.current_db_file(db)
#=> "some/data/directory/0.cub"

Returns the path of the data directory, as given when the CubDB process was started.

Example

{:ok, db} = CubDB.start_link("some/data/directory")

CubDB.data_dir(db)
#=> "some/data/directory"

Deletes the entry associated to key from the database.

If key was not present in the database, nothing is done.

Deletes multiple entries corresponding to the given keys all at once, atomically.

The keys to be deleted are passed as a list.

Returns the dirt factor.

The dirt factor is a number, ranging from 0 to 1, giving an indication about the amount of overhead disk space (or "dirt") that can be cleaned up with a compaction operation. A value of 0 means that there is no overhead, so a compaction would have no benefit. The closer to 1 the dirt factor is, the more can be cleaned up in a compaction operation.

Fetches the value for the given key in the database, or return :error if key is not present.

If the database contains an entry with the given key and value value, it returns {:ok, value}. If key is not found, it returns :error.

Performs a fsync, forcing to flush all data that might be buffered by the OS to disk.

Calling this function ensures that all writes up to this point are committed to disk, and will be available after a restart.

If CubDB is started with the option auto_file_sync: true, calling this function is not necessary, as every write operation will be automatically flushed to the storage device.

If this function is NOT called, the operative system will control when the file buffer is flushed to the storage device, which leads to better write performance, but might affect durability of recent writes in case of a sudden shutdown.

Gets the value associated to key from the database.

If no value is associated with key, default is returned (which is nil, unless specified otherwise).

Gets the value corresponding to key and updates it, in one atomic transaction.

fun is called with the current value associated to key (or nil if not present), and must return a two element tuple: the result value to be returned, and the new value to be associated to key. fun mayalso return :pop, in which case the current value is deleted and returned.

The return value is {:ok, result}, or {:error, reason} in case an error occurs.

Gets and updates or deletes multiple entries in an atomic transaction.

Gets all values associated with keys in keys_to_get, and passes them as a map of %{key => value} entries to fun. If a key is not found, it won't be added to the map passed to fun. Updates the database and returns a result according to the return value of fun. Returns {:ok, return_value} in case of success, {:error, reason} otherwise.

The function fun should return a tuple of three elements: {return_value, entries_to_put, keys_to_delete}, where return_value is an arbitrary value to be returned, entries_to_put is a map of %{key => value} entries to be written to the database, and keys_to_delete is a list of keys to be deleted.

The optional timeout argument specifies a timeout in milliseconds, which is 5000 (5 seconds) by default.

The read and write operations are executed as an atomic transaction, so they will either all succeed, or all fail. Note that get_and_update_multi/4 blocks other write operations until it completes.

Example

Assuming a database of names as keys, and integer monetary balances as values, and we want to transfer 10 units from "Anna" to "Joy", returning their updated balance:

{:ok, {anna, joy}} = CubDB.get_and_update_multi(db, ["Anna", "Joy"], fn entries ->
  anna = Map.get(entries, "Anna", 0)
  joy = Map.get(entries, "Joy", 0)

  if anna < 10, do: raise(RuntimeError, message: "Anna's balance is too low")

  anna = anna - 10
  joy = joy + 10

  {{anna, joy}, %{"Anna" => anna, "Joy" => joy}, []}
end)

Or, if we want to transfer all of the balance from "Anna" to "Joy", deleting "Anna"'s entry, and returning "Joy"'s resulting balance:

{:ok, joy} = CubDB.get_and_update_multi(db, ["Anna", "Joy"], fn entries ->
  anna = Map.get(entries, "Anna", 0)
  joy = Map.get(entries, "Joy", 0)

  joy = joy + anna

  {joy, %{"Joy" => joy}, ["Anna"]}
end)

Gets multiple entries corresponding by the given keys all at once, atomically.

The keys to get are passed as a list. The result is a map of key/value entries corresponding to the given keys. Keys that are not present in the database won't be in the result map.

Example

CubDB.put_multi(db, a: 1, b: 2, c: nil)

CubDB.get_multi(db, [:a, :b, :c, :x])
# => %{a: 1, b: 2, c: nil}

Returns whether an entry with the given key exists in the database.

Writes an entry in the database, associating key to value.

If key was already present, it is overwritten.

Writes multiple entries all at once, atomically.

Entries are passed as a map of %{key => value} or a list of {key, value}.

Selects a range of entries from the database, and optionally performs a pipeline of operations on them.

It returns {:ok, result} if successful, or {:error, exception} if an exception is raised.

Options

The min_key and max_key specify the range of entries that are selected. By default, the range is inclusive, so all entries that have a key greater or equal than min_key and less or equal then max_key are selected:

# Select all entries where "a" <= key <= "d"
CubDB.select(db, min_key: "b", max_key: "d")

The range boundaries can be excluded by setting min_key_inclusive or max_key_inclusive to false:

# Select all entries where "a" <= key < "d"
CubDB.select(db, min_key: "b", max_key: "d", max_key_inclusive: false)

Any of :min_key and :max_key can be omitted, to leave the range open-ended.

# Select entries where key <= "a"
CubDB.select(db, max_key: "a")

As nil is a valid key, setting min_key or max_key to nil does NOT leave the range open ended:

# Select entries where nil <= key <= "a"
CubDB.select(db, min_key: nil, max_key: "a")

The reverse option, when set to true, causes the entries to be selected and traversed in reverse order.

The pipe option specifies an optional list of operations performed sequentially on the selected entries. The given order of operations is respected. The available operations, specified as tuples, are:

• {:filter, fun} filters entries for which fun returns a truthy value

• {:map, fun} maps each entry to the value returned by the function fun

• {:take, n} takes the first n entries

• {:drop, n} skips the first n entries

• {:take_while, fun} takes entries while fun returns a truthy value

• {:drop_while, fun} skips entries while fun returns a truthy value

Note that, when selecting a key range, specifying min_key and/or max_key is more performant than using {:filter, fun} or {:take_while | :drop_while, fun}, because min_key and max_key avoid loading unnecessary entries from disk entirely.

The reduce option specifies how the selected entries are aggregated. If reduce is omitted, the entries are returned as a list. If reduce is a function, it is used to reduce the collection of entries. If reduce is a tuple, the first element is the starting value of the reduction, and the second is the reducing function.

Examples

To select all entries with keys between :a and :c as a list of {key, value} entries we can do:

{:ok, entries} = CubDB.select(db, min_key: :a, max_key: :c)

If we want to get all entries with keys between :a and :c, with :c excluded, we can do:

{:ok, entries} = CubDB.select(db,
  min_key: :a, max_key: :c, max_key_inclusive: false)

To select the last 3 entries, we can do:

{:ok, entries} = CubDB.select(db, reverse: true, pipe: [take: 3])

If we want to obtain the sum of the first 10 positive numeric values associated to keys from :a to :f, we can do:

{:ok, sum} = CubDB.select(db,
  min_key: :a,
  max_key: :f,
  pipe: [
    map: fn {_key, value} -> value end, # map values
    filter: fn n -> is_number(n) and n > 0 end # only positive numbers
    take: 10, # take only the first 10 entries in the range
  ],
  reduce: fn n, sum -> sum + n end # reduce to the sum of selected values
)

Configures whether to perform automatic compaction, and how.

If set to false, no automatic compaction is performed. If set to true, auto-compaction is performed, following a write operation, if at least 100 write operations occurred since the last compaction, and the dirt factor is at least 0.25. These values can be customized by setting the auto_compact option to {min_writes, min_dirt_factor}.

It returns :ok, or {:error, reason} if setting is invalid.

Compaction is performed in the background and does not block other operations, but can create disk contention, so it should not be performed unnecessarily often. When writing a lot into the database, such as when importing data from an external source, it is adviseable to turn off auto compaction, and manually run compaction at the end of the import.

Configures whether to automatically force file sync upon each write operation.

If set to false, no automatic file sync is performed. That improves write performance, but leaves to the operative system the decision of when to flush disk buffers. This means that there is the possibility that recent writes might not be durable in case of a sudden machine shutdown. In any case, atomicity of multi operations is preserved, and partial writes will not corrupt the database.

If set to true, the file buffer will be forced to flush upon every write operation, ensuring durability even in case of sudden machine shutdowns, but decreasing write performance.

Returns the number of entries present in the database.

Starts the CubDB database without a link.

See start_link/2 for more information about options.

Starts the CubDB database process linked to the current process.

The argument is a keyword list of options:

• data_dir: the directory path where the database files will be stored. This option is required. If the directory does not exist, it will be created. Only one CubDB instance can run per directory, so if you run several databases, they should each use their own separate data directory.

• auto_compact: whether to perform compaction automatically. It defaults to false. See set_auto_compact/2 for the possible values

• auto_file_sync: whether to force flush the disk buffer on each write. It defaults to false. If set to true, write performance is slower, but durability is strictly guaranteed. See set_auto_file_sync/2 for details.

GenServer options like name and timeout can also be given, and are forwarded to GenServer.start_link/3 as the third argument.

If only the data_dir is specified, it is possible to pass it as a single string argument.

Examples

# Passing only the data dir
{:ok, db} = CubDB.start_link("some/data/dir")

# Passing data dir and other options
{:ok, db} = CubDB.start_link(data_dir: "some/data/dir", auto_compact: true, name: :db)

Synchronously stops the CubDB database.

See GenServer.stop/3 for details.

Updates the entry corresponding to key using the given function.

If key is present in the database, fun is invoked with the corresponding value, and the result is set as the new value of key. If key is not found, initial is inserted as the value of key.

The return value is :ok, or {:error, reason} in case an error occurs.