Elixir v1.9.1 Time View Source

A Time struct and functions.

The Time struct contains the fields hour, minute, second and microseconds. New times can be built with the new/4 function or using the ~T (see Kernel.sigil_T/2) sigil:

iex> ~T[23:00:07.001]
~T[23:00:07.001]

Both new/4 and sigil return a struct where the time fields can be accessed directly:

iex> time = ~T[23:00:07.001]
iex> time.hour
23
iex> time.microsecond
{1000, 3}

The functions on this module work with the Time struct as well as any struct that contains the same fields as the Time struct, such as NaiveDateTime and DateTime. Such functions expect Calendar.time/0 in their typespecs (instead of t/0).

Developers should avoid creating the Time structs directly and instead rely on the functions provided by this module as well as the ones in third-party calendar libraries.

Comparing times

Comparisons in Elixir using ==/2, >/2, </2 and similar are structural and based on the Time struct fields. For proper comparison between times, use the compare/2 function.

Link to this section Summary

Functions

Adds the number of units to the given time.

Compares two time structs.

Converts given time to a different calendar.

Similar to Time.convert/2, but raises an ArgumentError if the conversion between the two calendars is not possible.

Returns the difference between two times, considering only the hour, minute, second and microsecond.

Converts an Erlang time tuple to a Time struct.

Converts an Erlang time tuple to a Time struct.

Parses the extended "Local time" format described by ISO 8601:2004.

Parses the extended "Local time" format described by ISO 8601:2004.

Converts given time to an Erlang time tuple.

Converts the given time to a string.

Returns the given time with the microsecond field truncated to the given precision (:microsecond, millisecond or :second).

Returns the current time in UTC.

Link to this section Types

Specs

t() :: %Time{
  calendar: Calendar.calendar(),
  hour: Calendar.hour(),
  microsecond: Calendar.microsecond(),
  minute: Calendar.minute(),
  second: Calendar.second()
}

Link to this section Functions

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add(time, number, unit \\ :second)

View Source (since 1.6.0)

Specs

Adds the number of units to the given time.

This function accepts the number measured according to Calendar.ISO. The time is returned in the same calendar as it was given in.

Note the result value represents the time of day, meaning that it is cyclic, for instance, it will never go over 24 hours for the ISO calendar.

Examples

iex> Time.add(~T[10:00:00], 27000)
~T[17:30:00.000000]
iex> Time.add(~T[11:00:00.005], 2400)
~T[11:40:00.005000]
iex> Time.add(~T[00:00:00], 86_399_999, :millisecond)
~T[23:59:59.999000]
iex> Time.add(~T[17:10:05], 86400)
~T[17:10:05.000000]
iex> Time.add(~T[23:00:00], -60)
~T[22:59:00.000000]
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compare(time1, time2)

View Source (since 1.4.0)

Specs

compare(Calendar.time(), Calendar.time()) :: :lt | :eq | :gt

Compares two time structs.

Returns :gt if first time is later than the second and :lt for vice versa. If the two times are equal :eq is returned.

Examples

iex> Time.compare(~T[16:04:16], ~T[16:04:28])
:lt
iex> Time.compare(~T[16:04:16], ~T[16:04:16])
:eq
iex> Time.compare(~T[16:04:16.01], ~T[16:04:16.001])
:gt

This function can also be used to compare across more complex calendar types by considering only the time fields:

iex> Time.compare(~N[1900-01-01 16:04:16], ~N[2015-01-01 16:04:16])
:eq
iex> Time.compare(~N[2015-01-01 16:04:16], ~N[2015-01-01 16:04:28])
:lt
iex> Time.compare(~N[2015-01-01 16:04:16.01], ~N[2000-01-01 16:04:16.001])
:gt
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convert(time, calendar)

View Source (since 1.5.0)

Specs

convert(Calendar.time(), Calendar.calendar()) :: {:ok, t()} | {:error, atom()}

Converts given time to a different calendar.

Returns {:ok, time} if the conversion was successful, or {:error, reason} if it was not, for some reason.

Examples

Imagine someone implements Calendar.Holocene, a calendar based on the Gregorian calendar that adds exactly 10,000 years to the current Gregorian year:

iex> Time.convert(~T[13:30:15], Calendar.Holocene)
{:ok, %Time{calendar: Calendar.Holocene, hour: 13, minute: 30, second: 15, microsecond: {0, 0}}}
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convert!(time, calendar)

View Source (since 1.5.0)

Specs

convert!(Calendar.time(), Calendar.calendar()) :: t()

Similar to Time.convert/2, but raises an ArgumentError if the conversion between the two calendars is not possible.

Examples

Imagine someone implements Calendar.Holocene, a calendar based on the Gregorian calendar that adds exactly 10,000 years to the current Gregorian year:

iex> Time.convert!(~T[13:30:15], Calendar.Holocene)
%Time{calendar: Calendar.Holocene, hour: 13, minute: 30, second: 15, microsecond: {0, 0}}
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diff(time1, time2, unit \\ :second)

View Source (since 1.5.0)

Specs

Returns the difference between two times, considering only the hour, minute, second and microsecond.

As with the compare/2 function both Time structs and other structures containing time can be used. If for instance a NaiveDateTime or DateTime is passed, only the hour, month, second, and microsecond is considered. Any additional information about a date or time zone is ignored when calculating the difference.

The answer can be returned in any unit available from System.time_unit/0. If the first unit is smaller than the second, a negative number is returned.

This function returns the difference in seconds where seconds are measured according to Calendar.ISO.

Examples

iex> Time.diff(~T[00:29:12], ~T[00:29:10])
2

# When passing a [`NaiveDateTime`](NaiveDateTime.html) the date part is ignored.
iex> Time.diff(~N[2017-01-01 00:29:12], ~T[00:29:10])
2

# Two [`NaiveDateTime`](NaiveDateTime.html) structs could have big differences in the date
# but only the time part is considered.
iex> Time.diff(~N[2017-01-01 00:29:12], ~N[1900-02-03 00:29:10])
2

iex> Time.diff(~T[00:29:12], ~T[00:29:10], :microsecond)
2_000_000
iex> Time.diff(~T[00:29:10], ~T[00:29:12], :microsecond)
-2_000_000
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from_erl(tuple, microsecond \\ {0, 0}, calendar \\ Calendar.ISO)

View Source

Specs

from_erl(:calendar.time(), Calendar.microsecond(), Calendar.calendar()) ::
  {:ok, t()} | {:error, atom()}

Converts an Erlang time tuple to a Time struct.

Examples

iex> Time.from_erl({23, 30, 15}, {5000, 3})
{:ok, ~T[23:30:15.005]}
iex> Time.from_erl({24, 30, 15})
{:error, :invalid_time}
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from_erl!(tuple, microsecond \\ {0, 0}, calendar \\ Calendar.ISO)

View Source

Specs

Converts an Erlang time tuple to a Time struct.

Examples

iex> Time.from_erl!({23, 30, 15})
~T[23:30:15]
iex> Time.from_erl!({23, 30, 15}, {5000, 3})
~T[23:30:15.005]
iex> Time.from_erl!({24, 30, 15})
** (ArgumentError) cannot convert {24, 30, 15} to time, reason: :invalid_time
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from_iso8601(string, calendar \\ Calendar.ISO)

View Source

Specs

from_iso8601(String.t(), Calendar.calendar()) :: {:ok, t()} | {:error, atom()}

Parses the extended "Local time" format described by ISO 8601:2004.

Time zone offset may be included in the string but they will be simply discarded as such information is not included in times.

As specified in the standard, the separator "T" may be omitted if desired as there is no ambiguity within this function.

Time representations with reduced accuracy are not supported.

Note that while ISO 8601 allows times to specify 24:00:00 as the zero hour of the next day, this notation is not supported by Elixir. Leap seconds are not supported as well by the built-in Calendar.ISO.

Examples

iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:07")
{:ok, ~T[23:50:07]}
iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:07Z")
{:ok, ~T[23:50:07]}
iex> Time.from_iso8601("T23:50:07Z")
{:ok, ~T[23:50:07]}

iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:07,0123456")
{:ok, ~T[23:50:07.012345]}
iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:07.0123456")
{:ok, ~T[23:50:07.012345]}
iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:07.123Z")
{:ok, ~T[23:50:07.123]}

iex> Time.from_iso8601("2015:01:23 23-50-07")
{:error, :invalid_format}
iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:07A")
{:error, :invalid_format}
iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:07.")
{:error, :invalid_format}
iex> Time.from_iso8601("23:50:61")
{:error, :invalid_time}
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from_iso8601!(string, calendar \\ Calendar.ISO)

View Source

Specs

from_iso8601!(String.t(), Calendar.calendar()) :: t()

Parses the extended "Local time" format described by ISO 8601:2004.

Raises if the format is invalid.

Examples

iex> Time.from_iso8601!("23:50:07,123Z")
~T[23:50:07.123]
iex> Time.from_iso8601!("23:50:07.123Z")
~T[23:50:07.123]
iex> Time.from_iso8601!("2015:01:23 23-50-07")
** (ArgumentError) cannot parse "2015:01:23 23-50-07" as time, reason: :invalid_format
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new(hour, minute, second, microsecond \\ {0, 0}, calendar \\ Calendar.ISO)

View Source

Specs

Builds a new time.

Expects all values to be integers. Returns {:ok, time} if each entry fits its appropriate range, returns {:error, reason} otherwise.

Microseconds can also be given with a precision, which must be an integer between 0 and 6.

The built-in calendar does not support leap seconds.

Examples

iex> Time.new(0, 0, 0, 0)
{:ok, ~T[00:00:00.000000]}
iex> Time.new(23, 59, 59, 999_999)
{:ok, ~T[23:59:59.999999]}

iex> Time.new(24, 59, 59, 999_999)
{:error, :invalid_time}
iex> Time.new(23, 60, 59, 999_999)
{:error, :invalid_time}
iex> Time.new(23, 59, 60, 999_999)
{:error, :invalid_time}
iex> Time.new(23, 59, 59, 1_000_000)
{:error, :invalid_time}

# Invalid precision
Time.new(23, 59, 59, {999_999, 10})
{:error, :invalid_time}

Specs

to_erl(Calendar.time()) :: :calendar.time()

Converts given time to an Erlang time tuple.

WARNING: Loss of precision may occur, as Erlang time tuples only contain hours/minutes/seconds.

Examples

iex> Time.to_erl(~T[23:30:15.999])
{23, 30, 15}

iex> Time.to_erl(~N[2010-04-17 23:30:15.999])
{23, 30, 15}
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to_iso8601(time, format \\ :extended)

View Source

Specs

to_iso8601(Calendar.time(), :extended | :basic) :: String.t()

Converts the given time to ISO 8601:2004.

By default, Time.to_iso8601/2 returns times formatted in the "extended" format, for human readability. It also supports the "basic" format through passing the :basic option.

Examples

iex> Time.to_iso8601(~T[23:00:13])
"23:00:13"

iex> Time.to_iso8601(~T[23:00:13.001])
"23:00:13.001"

iex> Time.to_iso8601(~T[23:00:13.001], :basic)
"230013.001"

iex> Time.to_iso8601(~N[2010-04-17 23:00:13])
"23:00:13"

Specs

to_string(Calendar.time()) :: String.t()

Converts the given time to a string.

Examples

iex> Time.to_string(~T[23:00:00])
"23:00:00"
iex> Time.to_string(~T[23:00:00.001])
"23:00:00.001"
iex> Time.to_string(~T[23:00:00.123456])
"23:00:00.123456"

iex> Time.to_string(~N[2015-01-01 23:00:00.001])
"23:00:00.001"
iex> Time.to_string(~N[2015-01-01 23:00:00.123456])
"23:00:00.123456"
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truncate(time, precision)

View Source (since 1.6.0)

Specs

truncate(t(), :microsecond | :millisecond | :second) :: t()

Returns the given time with the microsecond field truncated to the given precision (:microsecond, millisecond or :second).

The given time is returned unchanged if it already has lower precision than the given precision.

Examples

iex> Time.truncate(~T[01:01:01.123456], :microsecond)
~T[01:01:01.123456]

iex> Time.truncate(~T[01:01:01.123456], :millisecond)
~T[01:01:01.123]

iex> Time.truncate(~T[01:01:01.123456], :second)
~T[01:01:01]
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utc_now(calendar \\ Calendar.ISO)

View Source (since 1.4.0)

Specs

utc_now(Calendar.calendar()) :: t()

Returns the current time in UTC.

Examples

iex> time = Time.utc_now()
iex> time.hour >= 0
true