Specs

argv() :: [String.t()]

Lists command line arguments.

Returns the list of command line arguments passed to the program.

Specs

argv([String.t()]) :: :ok

Modifies command line arguments.

Changes the list of command line arguments. Use it with caution, as it destroys any previous argv information.

Specs

at_exit((non_neg_integer() -> any())) :: :ok

Registers a program exit handler function.

Registers a function that will be invoked at the end of program execution. Useful for invoking a hook in "script" mode.

The handler always executes in a different process from the one it was registered in. As a consequence, any resources managed by the calling process (ETS tables, open files, etc.) won't be available by the time the handler function is invoked.

The function must receive the exit status code as an argument.

Specs

build_info() :: %{
  build: String.t(),
  date: String.t(),
  revision: String.t(),
  version: String.t(),
  otp_release: String.t()
}

Elixir build information.

Returns a map with the Elixir version, the Erlang/OTP release it was compiled with, a short Git revision hash and the date and time it was built.

Every value in the map is a string, and these are:

• :build - the Elixir version, short Git revision hash and Erlang/OTP release it was compiled with
• :date - a string representation of the ISO8601 date and time it was built
• :opt_release - OTP release it was compiled with
• :revision - short Git revision hash. If Git was not available at building time, it is set to ""
• :version - the Elixir version

One should not rely on the specific formats returned by each of those fields. Instead one should use specialized functions, such as version/0 to retrieve the Elixir version and otp_release/0 to retrieve the Erlang/OTP release.

Examples

iex> System.build_info()
%{
  build: "1.9.0-dev (772a00a0c) (compiled with Erlang/OTP 21)",
  date: "2018-12-24T01:09:21Z",
  otp_release: "21",
  revision: "772a00a0c",
  version: "1.9.0-dev"
}

Specs

cmd(binary(), [binary()], keyword()) ::
  {Collectable.t(), exit_status :: non_neg_integer()}

Executes the given command with args.

command is expected to be an executable available in PATH unless an absolute path is given.

args must be a list of binaries which the executable will receive as its arguments as is. This means that:

• environment variables will not be interpolated
• wildcard expansion will not happen (unless Path.wildcard/2 is used explicitly)
• arguments do not need to be escaped or quoted for shell safety

This function returns a tuple containing the collected result and the command exit status.

Internally, this function uses a Port for interacting with the outside world. However, if you plan to run a long-running program, ports guarantee stdin/stdout devices will be closed but it does not automatically terminate the program. The documentation for the Port module describes this problem and possible solutions under the "Zombie processes" section.

Examples

iex> System.cmd("echo", ["hello"])
{"hello\n", 0}

iex> System.cmd("echo", ["hello"], env: [{"MIX_ENV", "test"}])
{"hello\n", 0}

iex> System.cmd("echo", ["hello"], into: IO.stream(:stdio, :line))
hello
{%IO.Stream{}, 0}

Options

• :into - injects the result into the given collectable, defaults to ""
• :cd - the directory to run the command in
• :env - an enumerable of tuples containing environment key-value as binary
• :arg0 - sets the command arg0
• :stderr_to_stdout - redirects stderr to stdout when true
• :parallelism - when true, the VM will schedule port tasks to improve parallelism in the system. If set to false, the VM will try to perform commands immediately, improving latency at the expense of parallelism. The default can be set on system startup by passing the "+spp" argument to --erl.

Error reasons

If invalid arguments are given, ArgumentError is raised by System.cmd/3. System.cmd/3 also expects a strict set of options and will raise if unknown or invalid options are given.

Furthermore, System.cmd/3 may fail with one of the POSIX reasons detailed below:

• :system_limit - all available ports in the Erlang emulator are in use

• :enomem - there was not enough memory to create the port

• :eagain - there are no more available operating system processes

• :enametoolong - the external command given was too long

• :emfile - there are no more available file descriptors (for the operating system process that the Erlang emulator runs in)

• :enfile - the file table is full (for the entire operating system)

• :eacces - the command does not point to an executable file

• :enoent - the command does not point to an existing file

Shell commands

If you desire to execute a trusted command inside a shell, with pipes, redirecting and so on, please check :os.cmd/1.

Specs

compiled_endianness() :: :little | :big

Returns the endianness the system was compiled with.

Specs

convert_time_unit(integer(), time_unit() | :native, time_unit() | :native) ::
  integer()

Converts time from time unit from_unit to time unit to_unit.

The result is rounded via the floor function.

convert_time_unit/3 accepts an additional time unit (other than the ones in the time_unit/0 type) called :native. :native is the time unit used by the Erlang runtime system. It's determined when the runtime starts and stays the same until the runtime is stopped, but could differ the next time the runtime is started on the same machine. For this reason, you should use this function to convert :native time units to a predictable unit before you display them to humans.

To determine how many seconds the :native unit represents in your current runtime, you can can call this function to convert 1 second to the :native time unit: System.convert_time_unit(1, :second, :native).

Specs

cwd() :: String.t() | nil

Current working directory.

Returns the current working directory or nil if one is not available.

Specs

cwd!() :: String.t()

Current working directory, exception on error.

Returns the current working directory or raises RuntimeError.

Specs

delete_env(String.t()) :: :ok

Deletes an environment variable.

Removes the variable varname from the environment.

Specs

endianness() :: :little | :big

Returns the endianness.

Specs

fetch_env(String.t()) :: {:ok, String.t()} | :error

Returns the value of the given environment variable or :error if not found.

If the environment variable varname is set, then {:ok, value} is returned where value is a string. If varname is not set, :error is returned.

Examples

iex> System.fetch_env("PORT")
{:ok, "4000"}

iex> System.fetch_env("NOT_SET")
:error

Specs

fetch_env!(String.t()) :: String.t()

Returns the value of the given environment variable or raises if not found.

Same as get_env/1 but raises instead of returning nil when the variable is not set.

Examples

iex> System.fetch_env!("PORT")
"4000"

iex> System.fetch_env!("NOT_SET")
** (ArgumentError) could not fetch environment variable "NOT_SET" because it is not set

Specs

find_executable(binary()) :: binary() | nil

Locates an executable on the system.

This function looks up an executable program given its name using the environment variable PATH on Unix and Windows. It also considers the proper executable extension for each operating system, so for Windows it will try to lookup files with .com, .cmd or similar extensions.

Specs

get_env() :: %{optional(String.t()) => String.t()}

Returns all system environment variables.

The returned value is a map containing name-value pairs. Variable names and their values are strings.

Specs

get_env(String.t(), String.t() | nil) :: String.t() | nil

Returns the value of the given environment variable.

The returned value of the environment variable varname is a string. If the environment variable is not set, returns the string specified in default or nil if none is specified.

Examples

iex> System.get_env("PORT")
"4000"

iex> System.get_env("NOT_SET")
nil

iex> System.get_env("NOT_SET", "4001")
"4001"

Specs

get_pid() :: binary()

Erlang VM process identifier.

Returns the process identifier of the current Erlang emulator in the format most commonly used by the operating system environment.

For more information, see :os.getpid/0.

Specs

halt(non_neg_integer() | binary() | :abort) :: no_return()

Immediately halts the Erlang runtime system.

Terminates the Erlang runtime system without properly shutting down applications and ports. Please see stop/1 for a careful shutdown of the system.

status must be a non-negative integer, the atom :abort or a binary.

• If an integer, the runtime system exits with the integer value which is returned to the operating system.

• If :abort, the runtime system aborts producing a core dump, if that is enabled in the operating system.

• If a string, an Erlang crash dump is produced with status as slogan, and then the runtime system exits with status code 1.

Note that on many platforms, only the status codes 0-255 are supported by the operating system.

For more information, see :erlang.halt/1.

Examples

System.halt(0)
System.halt(1)
System.halt(:abort)

Specs

monotonic_time() :: integer()

Returns the current monotonic time in the :native time unit.

This time is monotonically increasing and starts in an unspecified point in time.

Inlined by the compiler.

Specs

monotonic_time(time_unit()) :: integer()

Returns the current monotonic time in the given time unit.

This time is monotonically increasing and starts in an unspecified point in time.

Specs

no_halt() :: boolean()

Checks if the system will halt or not at the end of ARGV processing.

Specs

no_halt(boolean()) :: :ok

Marks if the system should halt or not at the end of ARGV processing.

Specs

os_time() :: integer()

Returns the current operating system (OS) time.

The result is returned in the :native time unit.

This time may be adjusted forwards or backwards in time with no limitation and is not monotonic.

Inlined by the compiler.

Specs

os_time(time_unit()) :: integer()

Returns the current operating system (OS) time in the given time unit.

This time may be adjusted forwards or backwards in time with no limitation and is not monotonic.

Specs

otp_release() :: String.t()

Returns the Erlang/OTP release number.

Specs

pid() :: String.t()

Returns the operating system PID for the current Erlang runtime system instance.

Returns a string containing the (usually) numerical identifier for a process. On UNIX, this is typically the return value of the getpid() system call. On Windows, the process ID as returned by the GetCurrentProcessId() system call is used.

Examples

System.pid()

Specs

put_env(Enumerable.t()) :: :ok

Sets multiple environment variables.

Sets a new value for each environment variable corresponding to each {key, value} pair in enum.

Specs

put_env(binary(), binary()) :: :ok

Sets an environment variable value.

Sets a new value for the environment variable varname.

Specs

restart() :: :ok

Restarts all applications in the Erlang runtime system.

All applications are taken down smoothly, all code is unloaded, and all ports are closed before the system starts all applications once again.

Examples

System.restart()

Specs

schedulers() :: pos_integer()

Returns the number of schedulers in the VM.

Specs

schedulers_online() :: pos_integer()

Returns the number of schedulers online in the VM.

Deprecated mechanism to retrieve the last exception stacktrace.

Accessing the stacktrace outside of a rescue/catch is deprecated. If you want to support only Elixir v1.7+, you must access __STACKTRACE__/0 inside a rescue/catch. If you want to support earlier Elixir versions, move System.stacktrace/0 inside a rescue/catch.

Note that the Erlang VM (and therefore this function) does not return the current stacktrace but rather the stacktrace of the latest exception. To retrieve the stacktrace of the current process, use Process.info(self(), :current_stacktrace) instead.

Specs

stop(non_neg_integer() | binary()) :: no_return()

Carefully stops the Erlang runtime system.

All applications are taken down smoothly, all code is unloaded, and all ports are closed before the system terminates by calling halt/1.

status must be a non-negative integer value which is returned by the runtime system to the operating system.

Note that on many platforms, only the status codes 0-255 are supported by the operating system.

Examples

System.stop(0)
System.stop(1)

Specs

system_time() :: integer()

Returns the current system time in the :native time unit.

It is the VM view of the os_time/0. They may not match in case of time warps although the VM works towards aligning them. This time is not monotonic.

Inlined by the compiler.

Specs

system_time(time_unit()) :: integer()

Returns the current system time in the given time unit.

It is the VM view of the os_time/0. They may not match in case of time warps although the VM works towards aligning them. This time is not monotonic.

Specs

time_offset() :: integer()

Returns the current time offset between the Erlang VM monotonic time and the Erlang VM system time.

The result is returned in the :native time unit.

See time_offset/1 for more information.

Inlined by the compiler.

Specs

time_offset(time_unit()) :: integer()

Returns the current time offset between the Erlang VM monotonic time and the Erlang VM system time.

The result is returned in the given time unit unit. The returned offset, added to an Erlang monotonic time (e.g., obtained with monotonic_time/1), gives the Erlang system time that corresponds to that monotonic time.

Specs

tmp_dir() :: String.t() | nil

Writable temporary directory.

Returns a writable temporary directory. Searches for directories in the following order:

1. the directory named by the TMPDIR environment variable
2. the directory named by the TEMP environment variable
3. the directory named by the TMP environment variable
4. C:\TMP on Windows or /tmp on Unix
5. as a last resort, the current working directory

Returns nil if none of the above are writable.

Specs

tmp_dir!() :: String.t()

Writable temporary directory, exception on error.

Same as tmp_dir/0 but raises RuntimeError instead of returning nil if no temp dir is set.

Specs

unique_integer([:positive | :monotonic]) :: integer()

Generates and returns an integer that is unique in the current runtime instance.

"Unique" means that this function, called with the same list of modifiers, will never return the same integer more than once on the current runtime instance.

If modifiers is [], then a unique integer (that can be positive or negative) is returned. Other modifiers can be passed to change the properties of the returned integer:

• :positive - the returned integer is guaranteed to be positive.
• :monotonic - the returned integer is monotonically increasing. This means that, on the same runtime instance (but even on different processes), integers returned using the :monotonic modifier will always be strictly less than integers returned by successive calls with the :monotonic modifier.

All modifiers listed above can be combined; repeated modifiers in modifiers will be ignored.

Inlined by the compiler.

Specs

user_home() :: String.t() | nil

User home directory.

Returns the user home directory (platform independent).

Specs

user_home!() :: String.t()

User home directory, exception on error.

Same as user_home/0 but raises RuntimeError instead of returning nil if no user home is set.

Specs

version() :: String.t()

Elixir version information.

Returns Elixir's version as binary.