Asserts its argument is a truthy value.

assert introspects the underlying expression and provides good reporting whenever there is a failure. For example, if the expression uses the comparison operator, the message will show the values of the two sides. The assertion

assert 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 > 15

will fail with the message:

Assertion with > failed
code:  assert 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 > 15
left:  10
right: 15

Similarly, if a match expression is given, it will report any failure in terms of that match. Given

assert [1] = [2]

you'll see:

match (=) failed
code:  assert [1] = [2]
left: [1]
right: [2]

Keep in mind that assert does not change its semantics based on the expression. In other words, the expression is still required to return a truthy value. For example, the following will fail:

assert nil = some_function_that_returns_nil()

Even though the match works, assert still expects a truth value. In such cases, simply use ==/2 or match?/2.

If you need more complex pattern matching using guards, you need to use match?/2:

assert match?([%{id: id} | _] when is_integer(id), records)

Asserts value is truthy, displaying the given message otherwise.

Examples

assert false, "it will never be true"

assert x == :foo, "expected x to be foo"

assert match?({:ok, _}, x), "expected x to match {:ok, _}"

Asserts that value1 and value2 differ by no more than delta.

This difference is inclusive, so the test will pass if the difference and the delta are equal.

Examples

assert_in_delta 1.1, 1.5, 0.2
assert_in_delta 10, 15, 2
assert_in_delta 10, 15, 5

Asserts the exception is raised during function execution. Returns the rescued exception, fails otherwise.

Examples

assert_raise ArithmeticError, fn ->
  1 + "test"
end

assert_raise RuntimeError, fn ->
  raise "assertion will pass due to this raise"
end

Asserts the exception is raised during function execution with the expected message, which can be a Regex or an exact String. Returns the rescued exception, fails otherwise.

Examples

assert_raise ArithmeticError, "bad argument in arithmetic expression", fn ->
  1 + "test"
end

assert_raise RuntimeError, ~r/^today's lucky number is 0\.\d+!$/, fn ->
  raise "today's lucky number is #{:rand.uniform()}!"
end

Asserts that a message matching pattern was or is going to be received within the timeout period, specified in milliseconds.

Unlike assert_received, it has a configurable timeout. The default timeout duration is determined by the assert_receive_timeout option, which can be set using ExUnit.configure/1. This option defaults to 100 milliseconds.

The pattern argument must be a match pattern. Flunks with failure_message if a message matching pattern is not received.

Examples

assert_receive :hello

Asserts against a larger timeout:

assert_receive :hello, 20_000

You can also match against specific patterns:

assert_receive {:hello, _}

x = 5
assert_receive {:count, ^x}

Asserts that a message matching pattern was received and is in the current process' mailbox.

The pattern argument must be a match pattern. Flunks with failure_message if a message matching pattern was not received.

Timeout is set to 0, so there is no waiting time.

Examples

send(self(), :hello)
assert_received :hello

send(self(), :bye)
assert_received :hello, "Oh No!"
** (ExUnit.AssertionError) Oh No!

You can also match against specific patterns:

send(self(), {:hello, "world"})
assert_received {:hello, _}

Asserts expression will cause an error.

Returns the error or fails otherwise.

Examples

assert catch_error(error(1)) == 1

Asserts expression will exit.

Returns the exit status/message of the current process or fails otherwise.

Examples

assert catch_exit(exit(1)) == 1

To assert exits from linked processes started from the test, trap exits with Process.flag/2 and assert the exit message with assert_receive/2.

Process.flag(:trap_exit, true)
pid = spawn_link(fn -> Process.exit(self(), :normal) end)
assert_receive {:EXIT, ^pid, :normal}

Asserts expression will throw a value.

Returns the thrown value or fails otherwise.

Examples

assert catch_throw(throw(1)) == 1

@spec flunk(String.t()) :: no_return()

Fails with a message.

Examples

flunk("This should raise an error")

A negative assertion, expects the expression to be false or nil.

Keep in mind that refute does not change the semantics of the given expression. In other words, the following will fail:

refute {:ok, _} = some_function_that_returns_error_tuple()

The code above will fail because the = operator always fails when the sides do not match and refute/2 does not change it.

The correct way to write the refutation above is to use match?/2:

refute match?({:ok, _}, some_function_that_returns_error_tuple())

Examples

refute age < 0

Asserts value is nil or false (that is, value is not truthy).

Examples

refute true, "This will obviously fail"

Asserts value1 and value2 are not within delta.

This difference is exclusive, so the test will fail if the difference and the delta are equal.

If you supply message, information about the values will automatically be appended to it.

Examples

refute_in_delta 1.1, 1.2, 0.2
refute_in_delta 10, 11, 2

Asserts that a message matching pattern was not received (and won't be received) within the timeout period, specified in milliseconds.

The pattern argument must be a match pattern. Flunks with failure_message if a message matching pattern is received.

Examples

refute_receive :bye

Refute received with an explicit timeout:

refute_receive :bye, 1000

Asserts a message matching pattern was not received (i.e. it is not in the current process' mailbox).

The pattern argument must be a match pattern. Flunks with failure_message if a message matching pattern was received.

Timeout is set to 0, so there is no waiting time.

Examples

send(self(), :hello)
refute_received :bye

send(self(), :hello)
refute_received :hello, "Oh No!"
** (ExUnit.AssertionError) Oh No!