View Source Membrane Framework

Membrane is a versatile multimedia streaming & processing framework. You can use it to build a media server of your need, that can:

stream via WebRTC, RTSP, RTMP, HLS, HTTP and other protocols,
transcode, mix and apply custom processing of video & audio,
accept and generate / record to MP4, MKV, FLV and other containers,
handle dynamically connecting and disconnecting streams,
seamlessly scale and recover from errors,
do whatever you imagine if you implement it yourself :D Membrane makes it easy to plug in your code at almost any point of processing.

The abbreviations above don't ring any bells? Visit membrane.stream/learn and let Membrane introduce you to the multimedia world!

Want a generic media server, instead of building a custom one? Try Jellyfish - it's built on top of Membrane and provides many of its features via simple, WebSocket API. We'll soon provide it as a SAAS too.

If you have questions or need consulting, we're for you at our Discord, forum, GitHub discussions, X (Twitter) and via e-mail.

You can also follow Membrane on X (Twitter) or join our Discord to be up to date and get involved in the community.

Membrane is maintained by Software Mansion.

Quick start

Mix.install([
  :membrane_hackney_plugin,
  :membrane_mp3_mad_plugin,
  :membrane_portaudio_plugin,
])

defmodule MyPipeline do
  use Membrane.Pipeline

  @impl true
  def handle_init(_ctx, mp3_url) do
    spec =
      child(%Membrane.Hackney.Source{
        location: mp3_url, hackney_opts: [follow_redirect: true]
      })
      |> child(Membrane.MP3.MAD.Decoder)
      |> child(Membrane.PortAudio.Sink)

    {[spec: spec], %{}}
  end
end

mp3_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/membraneframework/membrane_demo/master/simple_pipeline/sample.mp3"

Membrane.Pipeline.start_link(MyPipeline, mp3_url)

This is an Elixir snippet, that streams an mp3 via HTTP and plays it on your speaker. Here's how to run it:

Install libmad and portaudio. Membrane uses these libs to decode the mp3 and to access your speaker, respectively. You can use these commands:
- On Mac OS: brew install libmad portaudio pkg-config
- On Debian: apt install libmad0-dev portaudio19-dev
Option 1: Click the button below:
It will install Livebook, an interactive notebook similar to Jupyter, and it'll open the snippet in there for you. Then just click the 'run' button in there.
Option 2: If you don't want to use Livebook, you can install Elixir, type iex to run the interactive shell and paste the snippet there.

After that, you should hear music playing on your speaker :tada:

To learn step-by-step what exactly happens here, follow this tutorial.

Learning

The best place to learn Membrane is the membrane.stream/learn website and the membrane_demo repository. Try them out, then hack something exciting!

Structure of the framework

The most basic media processing entities of Membrane are Elements. An element might be able, for example, to mux incoming audio and video streams into MP4, or play raw audio using your sound card. You can create elements yourself, or choose from the ones provided by the framework.

Elements can be organized into a pipeline - a sequence of linked elements that perform a specific task. For example, a pipeline might receive an incoming RTSP stream from a webcam and convert it to an HLS stream, or act as a selective forwarding unit (SFU) to implement your own videoconferencing room. The Quick start section above shows how to create a simple pipeline.

Membrane packages

To embrace modularity, Membrane is delivered to you in multiple packages, including plugins, formats, core and standalone libraries. The complete list of all the Membrane packages maintained by the Membrane team is available here.

Plugins

Plugins provide elements that you can use in your pipeline. Each plugin lives in a membrane_X_plugin repository, where X can be a protocol, codec, container or functionality, for example mebrane_opus_plugin. Plugins wrapping a tool or library are named membrane_X_LIBRARYNAME_plugin or just membrane_LIBRARYNAME_plugin, like membrane_mp3_mad_plugin. Plugins are published on hex.pm, for example hex.pm/packages/membrane_opus_plugin and docs are at hexdocs, like hexdocs.pm/membrane_opus_plugin. Some plugins require native libraries installed in your OS. Those requirements, along with usage examples are outlined in each plugin's readme.

Formats

Apart from plugins, Membrane has stream formats, which live in membrane_X_format repositories, where X is usually a codec or container, for example mebrane_opus_format. Stream formats are published the same way as packages and are used by elements to define what kind of stream can be sent or received. They also provide utility functions to deal with a given codec/container.

Core

The API for creating pipelines (and custom elements too) is provided by membrane_core. To install it, add the following line to your deps in mix.exs and run mix deps.get

{:membrane_core, "~> 1.0.0"}

Standalone libraries

Last but not least, Membrane provides tools and libraries that can be used standalone and don't depend on the membrane_core, for example video_compositor, ex_sdp or unifex.

Goals

The main goals of Membrane are:

To make work with multimedia a more pleasant experience than it is now.
To provide a welcoming ecosystem for learning multimedia development.
To power resilient, maintainable and scalable systems.

Elixir language

We chose Elixir for Membrane because it's a modern, high-level, easy-to-learn language, that lets us rapidly develop media solutions. Elixir's main selling points are built-in parallelism and fault-tolerance features, so we can build scalable systems that are self-healing. It also runs on the battle-tested BEAM VM, that's been widely used and actively developed since the '80s. When we need the performance of a low-level language, we delegate to Rust or C.

If you don't know Elixir, try this tutorial - it shouldn't take long and you'll know more than enough to get started with Membrane.

Contributing

We welcome everyone to contribute to Membrane. Here are some ways to contribute:

Spread the word about Membrane! Even though multimedia are present everywhere today, media dev is still quite niche. Let it be no longer!
Create learning materials. We try our best but can cover only a limited number of Membrane use cases.
Improve docs. We know it's not the most exciting part, but if you had a hard time understanding the docs, you're the best person to fix them ;)
Contribute code - plugins, features and bug fixes. It's best to contact us before, so we can provide our help & assistance, and agree on important matters. For details see the contribution guide.

Package	Description	Links
membrane_core	The core of the Membrane Framework, advanced multimedia processing framework
membrane_rtc_engine	[Maintainer: jellyfish-dev] Customizable Real-time Communication Engine/SFU library focused on WebRTC.
kino_membrane	Utilities for introspecting Membrane pipelines in Livebook
docker_membrane	[Labs] A docker image based on Ubuntu, with Erlang, Elixir and libraries necessary to test and run the Membrane Framework.
membrane_demo	Examples of using the Membrane Framework
membrane_tutorials	Repository which contains text and assets used in Membrane Framework tutorials.

Plugins

General purpose

Package	Description	Links
membrane_file_plugin	Membrane plugin for reading and writing to files
membrane_hackney_plugin	HTTP sink and source based on Hackney
membrane_scissors_plugin	Element for cutting off parts of the stream
membrane_tee_plugin	Membrane plugin for splitting data from a single input to multiple outputs
membrane_funnel_plugin	Membrane plugin for merging multiple input streams into a single output
membrane_realtimer_plugin	Membrane element limiting playback speed to realtime, according to buffers' timestamps
membrane_stream_plugin	Plugin for recording the entire stream sent through Membrane pads into a binary format and replaying it
membrane_fake_plugin	Fake Membrane sinks that drop incoming data
membrane_pcap_plugin	[Labs] Membrane PCAP source, capable of reading captured packets in pcap format
membrane_live_framerate_converter_plugin	[Maintainer: kim-company] Membrane.Filter that drops or duplicates frames to match a target framerate. Designed for realtime applications
membrane_template_plugin	Template for Membrane Elements

Streaming protocols

Package	Description	Links
membrane_webrtc_plugin	[Maintainer: jellyfish-dev] Membrane plugin for sending and receiving media with WebRTC
membrane_rtmp_plugin	RTMP server & client
membrane_http_adaptive_stream_plugin	Plugin generating manifests for HLS (DASH support planned)
membrane_ice_plugin	[Maintainer: jellyfish-dev] Membrane plugin for ICE protocol
membrane_udp_plugin	Membrane plugin for sending and receiving UDP streams
membrane_rtp_plugin	Membrane bins and elements for sending and receiving RTP/SRTP and RTCP/SRTCP streams
membrane_rtp_h264_plugin	Membrane RTP payloader and depayloader for H264
membrane_rtp_vp8_plugin	Membrane elements for payloading and depayloading VP8 into RTP
membrane_rtp_vp9_plugin	[Labs] Membrane elements for payloading and depayloading VP9 into RTP
membrane_rtp_mpegaudio_plugin	Membrane RTP MPEG Audio depayloader
membrane_rtp_opus_plugin	Membrane RTP payloader and depayloader for OPUS audio
membrane_quic_plugin	[Maintainer: mickel8]
membrane_mpeg_ts_plugin	[Maintainer: kim-company] Membrane.Filter that demuxes MPEG-TS streams
membrane_hls_plugin	[Maintainer: kim-company] Plugin providing a `Membrane.HLS.Source` element for HTTP Live Streaming (HLS).

Containers

Package	Description	Links
membrane_mp4_plugin	Utilities for MP4 container parsing and serialization and elements for muxing the stream to CMAF
membrane_matroska_plugin	Matroska muxer and demuxer
membrane_flv_plugin	Muxer and demuxer elements for FLV format
membrane_ivf_plugin	Plugin for converting video stream into IVF format
membrane_ogg_plugin	Plugin for depayloading an Ogg file into an Opus stream

Audio codecs

Package	Description	Links
membrane_aac_plugin	AAC parser and complementary elements for AAC codec
membrane_aac_fdk_plugin	Membrane AAC decoder and encoder based on FDK library
membrane_flac_plugin	Parser for files in FLAC bitstream format
membrane_mp3_lame_plugin	Membrane MP3 encoder based on Lame
membrane_mp3_mad_plugin	Membrane MP3 decoder based on MAD.
membrane_opus_plugin	Membrane Opus encoder and decoder
membrane_wav_plugin	Plugin providing elements handling audio in WAV file format.

Video codecs

Package	Description	Links
membrane_h264_plugin	Membrane h264 parser
membrane_h264_ffmpeg_plugin	Membrane H264 decoder and encoder based on FFmpeg and x264
elixir-turbojpeg	[Maintainer: BinaryNoggin] libjpeg-turbo bindings for Elixir
membrane_subtitle_mixer_plugin	[Maintainer: kim-company] Membrane.Filter that uses CEA708 to merge subtitles directly in H264 packets.

Raw audio & video

Package	Description	Links
membrane_generator_plugin	Video and audio samples generator

Raw audio | Package | Description | Links | | --- | --- | --- | | membrane_raw_audio_parser_plugin | Membrane element for parsing raw audio | | | membrane_portaudio_plugin | Raw audio retriever and player based on PortAudio | | | membrane_audio_mix_plugin | Plugin providing an element mixing raw audio frames. | | | membrane_audio_filler_plugin | Element for filling missing buffers in audio stream | | | membrane_ffmpeg_swresample_plugin | Plugin performing audio conversion, resampling and channel mixing, using SWResample module of FFmpeg library | | | membrane_audiometer_plugin | Elements for measuring the level of the audio stream | |

Raw video | Package | Description | Links | | --- | --- | --- | | membrane_raw_video_parser_plugin | Membrane plugin for parsing raw video streams | | | membrane_video_merger_plugin | Membrane raw video cutter, merger and cut & merge bin | | | membrane_video_compositor_plugin | Membrane plugin that accepts multiple video inputs, transforms them according to provided transformations and composes them into a single output video. | | | membrane_camera_capture_plugin | A set of elements allowing for capturing local media such as camera or microphone | | | membrane_framerate_converter_plugin | Element for converting frame rate of raw video stream | | | membrane_sdl_plugin | Membrane video player based on SDL | | | membrane_ffmpeg_swscale_plugin | Plugin providing an element scaling raw video frames, using SWScale module of FFmpeg library. | | | membrane_ffmpeg_video_filter_plugin | FFmpeg-based video filters | | | membrane_video_mixer_plugin | [Maintainer: kim-company] Membrane.Filter that mixes a variable number of input videos into one output using ffmpeg filters | |

External APIs

Package	Description	Links
membrane_agora_plugin	Membrane Sink for Agora Server Gateway
membrane_element_gcloud_speech_to_text	Membrane plugin providing speech recognition via Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API
membrane_element_ibm_speech_to_text	Membrane plugin providing speech recognition via IBM Cloud Speech-to-Text service
membrane_s3_plugin	[Maintainer: YuzuTen] Membrane framework plugin to support S3 sources/destinations
membrane_transcription	[Maintainer: lawik] Prototype transcription for Membrane

Formats

Package	Description	Links
membrane_rtp_format	Real-time Transport Protocol format for Membrane Framework
membrane_cmaf_format	Membrane description for Common Media Application Format
membrane_matroska_format	Matroska Membrane format
membrane_mp4_format	MPEG-4 container Membrane format
membrane_raw_audio_format	Raw audio format definition for the Membrane Multimedia Framework
membrane_raw_video_format	Membrane Multimedia Framework: Raw video format definition
membrane_aac_format	Advanced Audio Codec Membrane format
membrane_opus_format	Opus audio format definition for Membrane Framework
membrane_flac_format	FLAC audio format description for Membrane Framework
membrane_mpegaudio_format	MPEG audio format definition for Membrane Framework
membrane_h264_format	Membrane Multimedia Framework: H264 video format definition
membrane_vp8_format	VP8 Membrane format
membrane_vp9_format	VP9 Membrane format

Standalone media libs

Package	Description	Links
video_compositor	Application for real-time video processing / transforming / composing
ex_sdp	Parser and serializer for Session Description Protocol
ex_libnice	Libnice-based Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) protocol support for Elixir
ex_libsrtp	Elixir bindings for libsrtp
ex_dtls	DTLS and DTLS-SRTP handshake library for Elixir, based on OpenSSL
membrane_rtsp	RTSP client for Elixir
membrane_ffmpeg_generator	[Labs] FFmpeg video and audio generator for tests, benchmarks and demos.
webrtc-server	Signaling server for WebRTC

Utils

Package	Description	Links
unifex	Tool for generating interfaces between native C code and Elixir
bundlex	Multiplatform app bundler tool for Elixir
beamchmark	Elixir tool for benchmarking EVM performance
bunch	A bunch of helper functions, intended to make life easier
bunch_native	Native part of the Bunch package
shmex	Elixir bindings for shared memory
membrane_common_c	Membrane Multimedia Framework: Common C Routines
membrane_telemetry_metrics	Membrane tool for generating metrics
membrane_opentelemetry	[Labs] Utilities for using OpenTelemetry with Membrane