mist

A glistening Gleam web server.

To follow along with the example below, you can create a new project and add the dependencies as follows:

$ gleam new <your_project>
$ cd <your_project>
$ gleam add mist gleam_erlang gleam_http gleam_otp

The main entrypoints for your application are mist.start_http and mist.start_https. The argument to these functions is generated from the opaque Builder type. It can be constructed with the mist.new function, and fed updated configuration options with the associated methods (demonstrated in the examples below).

import gleam/bytes_builder
import gleam/erlang/process
import gleam/http/request.{type Request}
import gleam/http/response.{type Response}
import gleam/io
import gleam/iterator
import gleam/option.{None, Some}
import gleam/otp/actor
import gleam/result
import gleam/string
import mist.{type Connection, type ResponseData}

pub fn main() {
  // These values are for the Websocket process initialized below
  let selector = process.new_selector()
  let state = Nil

  let not_found =
    response.new(404)
    |> response.set_body(mist.Bytes(bytes_builder.new()))

  let assert Ok(_) =
    fn(req: Request(Connection)) -> Response(ResponseData) {
      case request.path_segments(req) {
        ["ws"] ->
          mist.websocket(
            request: req,
            on_init: fn(_conn) { #(state, Some(selector)) },
            on_close: fn(_state) { io.println("goodbye!") },
            handler: handle_ws_message,
          )
        ["echo"] -> echo_body(req)
        ["chunk"] -> serve_chunk(req)
        ["file", ..rest] -> serve_file(req, rest)
        ["form"] -> handle_form(req)

        _ -> not_found
      }
    }
    |> mist.new
    |> mist.port(3000)
    |> mist.start_http

  process.sleep_forever()
}

pub type MyMessage {
  Broadcast(String)
}

fn handle_ws_message(state, conn, message) {
  case message {
    mist.Text("ping") -> {
      let assert Ok(_) = mist.send_text_frame(conn, "pong")
      actor.continue(state)
    }
    mist.Text(_) | mist.Binary(_) -> {
      actor.continue(state)
    }
    mist.Custom(Broadcast(text)) -> {
      let assert Ok(_) = mist.send_text_frame(conn, text)
      actor.continue(state)
    }
    mist.Closed | mist.Shutdown -> actor.Stop(process.Normal)
  }
}

fn echo_body(request: Request(Connection)) -> Response(ResponseData) {
  let content_type =
    request
    |> request.get_header("content-type")
    |> result.unwrap("text/plain")

  mist.read_body(request, 1024 * 1024 * 10)
  |> result.map(fn(req) {
    response.new(200)
    |> response.set_body(mist.Bytes(bytes_builder.from_bit_array(req.body)))
    |> response.set_header("content-type", content_type)
  })
  |> result.lazy_unwrap(fn() {
    response.new(400)
    |> response.set_body(mist.Bytes(bytes_builder.new()))
  })
}

fn serve_chunk(_request: Request(Connection)) -> Response(ResponseData) {
  let iter =
    ["one", "two", "three"]
    |> iterator.from_list
    |> iterator.map(bytes_builder.from_string)

  response.new(200)
  |> response.set_body(mist.Chunked(iter))
  |> response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
}

fn serve_file(
  _req: Request(Connection),
  path: List(String),
) -> Response(ResponseData) {
  let file_path = string.join(path, "/")

  // Omitting validation for brevity
  mist.send_file(file_path, offset: 0, limit: None)
  |> result.map(fn(file) {
    let content_type = guess_content_type(file_path)
    response.new(200)
    |> response.prepend_header("content-type", content_type)
    |> response.set_body(file)
  })
  |> result.lazy_unwrap(fn() {
    response.new(404)
    |> response.set_body(mist.Bytes(bytes_builder.new()))
  })
}

fn handle_form(req: Request(Connection)) -> Response(ResponseData) {
  let _req = mist.read_body(req, 1024 * 1024 * 30)
  response.new(200)
  |> response.set_body(mist.Bytes(bytes_builder.new()))
}

fn guess_content_type(_path: String) -> String {
  "application/octet-stream"
}

Streaming request body

NOTE:  This is a new feature, and I may have made some mistakes.  Please let me
know if you run into anything :)

When handling file uploads or multipart/form-data, you probably don’t want to load the whole file into memory. Previously, the only options in mist were to accept bodies up to N bytes, or read the entire body.

Now, there is a mist.stream function which takes a Request(Connection) that gives you back a function to start reading chunks. This function will return:

pub type Chunk {
  Chunk(data: BitString, consume: fn(Int) -> Chunk)
  Done
}

NOTE: You must only call this once on the Request(Connection). Since it’s reading data from the socket, this is a mutable action. The name consume was chosen to hopefully make that more clear.

Example

// Replacing the named function in the application example above
fn handle_form(req: Request(Connection)) -> Response(ResponseData) {
  let assert Ok(consume) = mist.stream(req)
  // NOTE:  This is a little misleading, since `Iterator`s can be replayed.
  // However, this will only be running this once.
  let content =
    iterator.unfold(
      consume,
      fn(consume) {
        // Reads up to 1024 bytes from the request
        let res = consume(1024)
        case res {
          // The error will not be bubbled up to the iterator here. If either
          // we've read all the body, or we see an error, the iterator finishes
          Ok(mist.Done) | Error(_) -> iterator.Done
          // We read some data. It may be less than the specific amount above if
          // we have consumed all of the body. You'll still need to call it
          // again to ensure, since with `chunked` encoding, we need to check
          // for the last chunk.
          Ok(mist.Chunk(data, consume)) -> {
            iterator.Next(bit_builder.from_bit_string(data), consume)
          }
        }
      },
    )
  // For fun, respond with `chunked` encoding of the same iterator
  response.new(200)
  |> response.set_body(mist.Chunked(content))
}