Declines a regular Latin noun for case and number.

Example

iex> {:ok, noun} = Verba.Noun.regular(["bellum"], ["bellī"], :neuter)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{},
    declension: %{singular: %{genitive: ["bellī"], nominative: ["bellum"]}},
    gender: :neuter
}}
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :genitive)
["bellōrum"]

Takes a noun or the singular genitive form of a Latin noun and returns the declension group. In the cases of indeclinable nouns, which don't belong to a declension group, and singular genitive forms whose declension group cannot be determined, nil is returned.

Example

iex> {:ok, noun} = Verba.Noun.regular(["bellum"], ["bellī"], :neuter)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{},
    declension: %{singular: %{genitive: ["bellī"], nominative: ["bellum"]}},
    gender: :neuter
}}
iex> Verba.Noun.group(noun)
:second

iex> Verba.Noun.group("bellī")
:second

Unlike other Latin nouns, indeclinable nouns only have one form and don't belong to a declension group.

Example

iex> {:ok, noun} = Verba.Noun.indeclinable(["nīl"], :neuter)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{indeclinable: nil},
    declension: %{singular: %{nominative: ["nīl"]}},
    gender: :neuter
}}
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :nominative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :genitive)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :dative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :accusative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :ablative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :vocative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :nominative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :genitive)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :dative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :accusative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :ablative)
["nīl"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :vocative)
["nīl"]

Creates an irregular Latin noun.

Latin nouns can contain declensions that do not follow the rules of any regular declension group. These nouns are, not surprisingly, referred to as irregular.

This function provides a method for creating irregular nouns. Unlike [regular], which takes the singular nominative and genitive forms, this function takes a Map containing all of the irregular declined forms, the stem, and the declension group. If a declined form isn't present in the Map, it is assumed to be regular and will be declined according to the regular Latin rules for the passed in declension group.

For example, if the Map contains values for the singular dative form but not the singular ablative form, the singular dative form will be declined as it appears in the Map but the singular ablative form will be declined the same as a noun created using regular.

Warning

Third declension nouns can be either consonant-stem or i-stem. Third declension nouns created with this function will decline as consonant-stem. When creating a third declension i-stem noun, use irregular_i_stem instead.

Example

vīs, vīs is an irregular noun with an irregular singular genitive form. The stem is vīr- but none of the singular cases use. Moreover, the plural cases decline like a third declension i-stem. So all six singular forms must be provided as do the plural genitive and accusative forms. The rest of the forms can be determined by combining the provided stem with the regular third declension endings.

This example shows how to create the Map containing the irregular declined forms and demonstrates two declensions. The first declension is regular, the second is irregular.

iex> irregular = %{singular: %{nominative: ["vīs"], genitive: ["vīs"], dative: ["vī"], accusative: ["vim"], ablative: ["vī"], vocative: ["vīs"]}, plural: %{genitive: ["vīrium"], accusative: ["vīrēs", "vīrīs"]}}
%{
  plural: %{accusative: ["vīrēs", "vīrīs"], genitive: ["vīrium"]},
  singular: %{
  ablative: ["vī"],
  accusative: ["vim"],
  dative: ["vī"],
  genitive: ["vīs"],
  nominative: ["vīs"],
  vocative: ["vīs"]
  }
}
iex> {:ok, noun} = Verba.Noun.irregular(irregular, :feminine, "vīr", :third)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{group: :third, irregular: nil, stem: "vīr"},
    declension: %{
      plural: %{accusative: ["vīrēs", "vīrīs"], genitive: ["vīrium"]},
      singular: %{
        ablative: ["vī"],
        accusative: ["vim"],
        dative: ["vī"],
        genitive: ["vīs"],
        nominative: ["vīs"],
        vocative: ["vīs"]
      }
    },
    gender: :feminine
}}
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :genitive)
["vīs"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :genitive)
["vīrium"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :dative)
["vīribus"]

Like irregular this function creates an irregular Latin noun. However, third declension nouns created with this function will decline as i-stems instead of consonant stems.

Example

vīs, vīs, which is also used in the example for [irregular] is actually an i-stem. In the example for irregular the i-stem cases, namely the plural genitive and plural accusative, were added to the declension Map. In this example they are omitted since irregular nouns created with this function decline as i-stems.

iex> irregular = %{singular: %{nominative: ["vīs"], genitive: ["vīs"], dative: ["vī"], accusative: ["vim"], ablative: ["vī"], vocative: ["vīs"]}}
%{
  singular: %{
  ablative: ["vī"],
  accusative: ["vim"],
  dative: ["vī"],
  genitive: ["vīs"],
  nominative: ["vīs"],
  vocative: ["vīs"]
  }
}
iex> {:ok, noun} = Verba.Noun.irregular_i_stem(irregular, :feminine, "vīr", :third)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{group: :third, irregular: nil, stem: "vīr", i_stem: nil},
    declension: %{
      singular: %{
        ablative: ["vī"],
        accusative: ["vim"],
        dative: ["vī"],
        genitive: ["vīs"],
        nominative: ["vīs"],
        vocative: ["vīs"]
      }
    },
    gender: :feminine
}}
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :singular, :genitive)
["vīs"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :genitive)
["vīrium"]
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :dative)
["vīribus"]

Creates a regular Latin noun.

The dictionary form of a regular Latin noun consistes of its singular nominative and genitive forms. For example, for the second declension neuter noun bellum (war) the dictionary form would be bellum, bellī. Latin nouns are also gendered. Latin, like German, has three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter.

This function takes a list of singular nominative and genitive forms (fourth declension neuter nouns have two genitive forms) and a gender. With this information, the correct declined form for any case can be determined.

Warning

Third declension nouns can be either consonant-stem or i-stem. Third declension nouns created with this function will decline as consonant-stem. When creating a third declension i-stem noun, use regular_i_stem instead.

Example

iex> nom = ["bellum"]
["bellum"]
iex> gen = ["bellī"]
["bellī"]
iex> Verba.Noun.regular(nom, gen, :neuter)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{},
    declension: %{singular: %{genitive: ["bellī"], nominative: ["bellum"]}},
    gender: :neuter
}}

Like regular this function creates a regular Latin noun. However, third declension nouns created with this function will decline as i-stems instead of consonant stems.

Examples

iex> nom = ["animal"]
["animal"]
iex> gen = ["animālis"]
["animālis"]
iex> {_, noun} = Verba.Noun.regular_i_stem(nom, gen, :neuter)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{i_stem: nil},
    declension: %{singular: %{genitive: ["animālis"], nominative: ["animal"]}},
    gender: :neuter
}}
iex> Verba.Noun.decline(noun, :plural, :genitive)
["animālium"]

Takes a noun or the singular nominative and genitive forms of a Latin noun and returns the noun's stem. If this function is called with an indeclinable noun or a pair of singular nominative and genitive forms whose stem cannot be determined, nil is returned.

Examples

iex> {:ok, noun} = Verba.Noun.regular(["bellum"], ["bellī"], :neuter)
{:ok,
  %Verba.Noun{
    attr: %{},
    declension: %{singular: %{genitive: ["bellī"], nominative: ["bellum"]}},
    gender: :neuter
}}
iex> Verba.Noun.stem(noun)
"bell"

iex> Verba.Noun.stem("bellum", "bellī")
"bell"