View Source VintageNet Cookbook

Not sure what to pass to vintage_net? Take a look below for example configurations.

To see the current configuration at an IEx prompt, type:

VintageNet.info

Compile-time vs. run-time

The examples below all show the options to pass. Where you copy those depends on whether you want the configuration to be a built-in default (i.e., compile-time) or whether you want to change it at run-time.

Compile-time (config)

Add something like the following to your config.exs:

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"eth0", %{type: VintageNetEthernet, ipv4: %{method: :dhcp}}},
  ]

But replace "eth0" with the interface and the map with the desired configuration from below.

Run-time (IEx)

Call VintageNet.configure like this:

VintageNet.configure("eth0", %{type: VintageNetEthernet, ipv4: %{method: :dhcp}})

Network interface names

In order to configure a network interface, you will need to know its name. vintage_net passes names through from Nerves or embedded Linux depending on where it's being run. The following names are common:

"eth0" - The first wired Ethernet interface
"wlan0" - The first WiFi interface
"usb0" - The first virtual Ethernet interface over a USB cable

The operating system assigns network interface names as it discovers them. If you're running on a device with multiple of the same type of interface, the device names may be renamed to make them deterministic. An example is "enp6s0" where the p6 and s0 indicate where the adapter and Ethernet connector location. Running ifconfig on Linux and Nerves can help find these if you are unsure.

Wired Ethernet

To use, make sure that you're either using nerves_pack or have :vintage_net_ethernet in your deps:

  {:vintage_net_ethernet, "~> 0.8"},

Wired Ethernet with DHCP

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"eth0", %{type: VintageNetEthernet, ipv4: %{method: :dhcp}}}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("eth0", %{type: VintageNetEthernet, ipv4: %{method: :dhcp}})

Wired Ethernet with a static IP

Update the parameters below as appropriate.

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"eth0", %{
      type: VintageNetEthernet,
      ipv4: %{
        method: :static,
        address: "192.168.9.232",
        prefix_length: 24,
        gateway: "192.168.9.1",
        name_servers: ["1.1.1.1"]
        }
    }}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("eth0", %{
      type: VintageNetEthernet,
      ipv4: %{
        method: :static,
        address: "192.168.9.232",
        prefix_length: 24,
        gateway: "192.168.9.1",
        name_servers: ["1.1.1.1"]
      }
    })

See VintageNet.IP.IPv4Config for other options. If you're interfacing with other Erlang and Elixir libraries, you may find passing IP tuples more convenient than passing strings. That works too.

WiFi

To use, make sure that you're either using nerves_pack or have :vintage_net_wifi in your deps:

{:vintage_net_wifi, "~> 0.8"},

Normal password-protected WiFi (WPA2 PSK)

Most password-protected home networks use WPA2 authentication and pre-shared keys.

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", %{
      type: VintageNetWiFi,
      vintage_net_wifi: %{
        networks: [
          %{
            key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
            ssid: "my_network_ssid",
            psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
          }
        ]
      },
      ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
    }}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    networks: [
      %{
        key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
        ssid: "my_network_ssid",
        psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
      }
    ]
  },
  ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
})

Normal password-protected WiFi with static IP

Here are example parameters for a static IP address.

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", %{
      type: VintageNetWiFi,
      vintage_net_wifi: %{
        networks: [
          %{
            key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
            ssid: "my_network_ssid",
            psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
          }
        ]
      },
      ipv4: %{
        method: :static,
        address: "192.168.9.232",
        prefix_length: 24,
        gateway: "192.168.9.1",
        name_servers: ["1.1.1.1"]
      }
    }}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    networks: [
      %{
        key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
        ssid: "my_network_ssid",
        psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
      }
    ]
  },
  ipv4: %{
    method: :static,
    address: "192.168.9.232",
    prefix_length: 24,
    gateway: "192.168.9.1",
    name_servers: ["1.1.1.1"]
  }
})

Multiple WiFi networks

If you're regularly switching between multiple networks, you can list them all under the :networks key. Note that it's currently not possible to mix networks that require static IP addresses with those that use DHCP.

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", %{
      type: VintageNetWiFi,
      vintage_net_wifi: %{
        networks: [
          %{
            key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
            ssid: "my_network_ssid",
            psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
          },
          %{
            key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
            ssid: "another_ssid",
            psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
          },
        ]
      },
      ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
    }}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    networks: [
      %{
        key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
        ssid: "my_network_ssid",
        psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
      },
      %{
        key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
        ssid: "another_ssid",
        psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk"
      },
    ]
  },
  ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
})

Enterprise WiFi (PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPV2)

Protected EAP (PEAP) is a common authentication protocol for enterprise WiFi networks.

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", %{
      type: VintageNetWiFi,
      vintage_net_wifi: %{
        networks: [
          %{
            key_mgmt: :wpa_eap,
            ssid: "my_network_ssid",
            identity: "username",
            password: "password",
            eap: "PEAP",
            phase2: "auth=MSCHAPV2"
          }
        ]
      },
      ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
    }}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    networks: [
      %{
        key_mgmt: :wpa_eap,
        ssid: "my_network_ssid",
        identity: "username",
        password: "password",
        eap: "PEAP",
        phase2: "auth=MSCHAPV2"
      }
    ]
  },
  ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
})

Enterprise WiFi with device certificate (EAP-TLS)

TBD

If you have a good example, do contribute it to this documentation.

It should be fully possible to do EAP-TLS and even use a NervesKey secure element for the device certificate.

Hidden WiFi networks

If the access point has been configured to not advertise a network, VintageNetWiFi won't find it. It has to explicitly be told to search for it. Add scan_ssid: 1 to the configuration to do this. For example,

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", %{
      type: VintageNetWiFi,
      vintage_net_wifi: %{
        networks: [
          %{
            key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
            ssid: "my_network_ssid",
            psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk",
            scan_ssid: 1
          }
        ]
      },
      ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
    }}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    networks: [
      %{
        key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
        ssid: "my_network_ssid",
        psk: "a_passphrase_or_psk",
        scan_ssid: 1
      }
    ]
  },
  ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
})

Access point WiFi

Some WiFi modules can be run in access point mode. This makes it possible to create configuration wizards and captive portals. Configuration of this is more involved. Here is a basic configuration:

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", 
      %{
        type: VintageNetWiFi,
        vintage_net_wifi: %{
          networks: [
            %{
              mode: :ap,
              ssid: "test ssid",
              key_mgmt: :none
            }
          ]
        },
        ipv4: %{
          method: :static,
          address: "192.168.24.1",
          netmask: "255.255.255.0"
        },
        dhcpd: %{
          start: "192.168.24.2",
          end: "192.168.24.10",
          options: %{
            dns: ["1.1.1.1", "1.0.0.1"],
            subnet: "255.255.255.0",
            router: ["192.168.24.1"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    networks: [
      %{
        mode: :ap,
        ssid: "test ssid",
        key_mgmt: :none
      }
    ]
  },
  ipv4: %{
    method: :static,
    address: "192.168.24.1",
    netmask: "255.255.255.0"
  },
  dhcpd: %{
    start: "192.168.24.2",
    end: "192.168.24.10",
    options: %{
      dns: ["1.1.1.1", "1.0.0.1"],
      subnet: "255.255.255.0",
      router: ["192.168.24.1"]
    }
  }
})

If you want to use WPA2 on your access point, make the networks map look like this:

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", 
      %{
        type: VintageNetWiFi,
        vintage_net_wifi: %{
          networks: [
            %{
              mode: :ap,
              key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
              proto: "RSN",
              pairwise: "CCMP",
              group: "CCMP",
              ssid: "test ssid",
              psk: "secret123"
            }
          ]
        },
        ipv4: %{
          method: :static,
          address: "192.168.24.1",
          netmask: "255.255.255.0"
        },
        dhcpd: %{
          start: "192.168.24.2",
          end: "192.168.24.10",
          options: %{
            dns: ["1.1.1.1", "1.0.0.1"],
            subnet: "255.255.255.0",
            router: ["192.168.24.1"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    networks: [
      %{
        mode: :ap,
        key_mgmt: :wpa_psk,
        proto: "RSN",
        pairwise: "CCMP",
        group: "CCMP",
        ssid: "test ssid",
        psk: "secret123"
      }
    ]
  },
  ipv4: %{
    method: :static,
    address: "192.168.24.1",
    netmask: "255.255.255.0"
  },
  dhcpd: %{
    start: "192.168.24.2",
    end: "192.168.24.10",
    options: %{
      dns: ["1.1.1.1", "1.0.0.1"],
      subnet: "255.255.255.0",
      router: ["192.168.24.1"]
    }
  }
})

The proto: "RSN" entry is important since the wpa_supplicant default is WPA and not WPA2.

See the vintage_net_wizard for an example of a project that uses AP mode and a web server for WiFi configuration.

Advanced Use of WPA Supplicant

VintageNetWifi supports an "escape hatch" of sorts if you need precise control over the contents of the supplicant configuration. The contents of the wpa_supplicant_conf will be coppied without validation to the wpa_supplicant.conf file that VintageNet manages. Example:

Compile-time (config)

config :vintage_net,
  config: [
    {"wlan0", %{
      type: VintageNetWiFi,
      vintage_net_wifi: %{
        wpa_supplicant_conf: """
        network={
          ssid="home"
          key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
          psk="very secret passphrase"
        }
        """
      },
      ipv4: %{method: :dhcp}
    }}
  ]

Run-time (IEx)

VintageNet.configure("wlan0", %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    wpa_supplicant_conf: """
    network={
      ssid="home"
      key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
      psk="very secret passphrase"
    }
    """
  },
  ipv4: %{method: :dhcp}
})

Bridged Mesh WiFi

In addition to infrastructure and AP modes, some WiFi modules can form a mesh. VintageNet supports the configuration of 802.11s meshes. While this is the standardize way of forming WiFi meshes, it is not the same as that implemented by many access points that advertise WiFi meshing. It also uses the 802.11s routing protocol HWMP. (This is not B.A.T.M.A.N.).

This section describes two configuration: the first is for the mesh gate and the second is for the mesh devices. The mesh gate bridges the mesh network to the network that connects to the Internet. Mesh nodes behave similar to normal clients: after connecting to the network, they request an IP address using DHCP. The DHCP request gets routed through the mesh gate and to the DHCP server on the non-mesh LAN. It's possible to have multiple mesh gates. Routing through the mesh and the mesh gate is transparent.

The following configuration is for a mesh gate with one WiFi interface used for the mesh network and a wired network interface, eth0, that connects it to the LAN:

mesh0_config = %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    user_mpm: 1,
    # mesh creates a "virtual" interface based on
    # this interface name
    root_interface: "wlan0",
    networks: [
      %{
        key_mgmt: :none,
        ssid: "my-mesh",
        frequency: 2432,
        mode: :mesh
      }
    ]
  },
  # we don't need an ip address on the mesh interface
  ipv4: %{method: :disabled},
}

# Bridge configured to bridge eth0 and mesh0 together
br0_config = %{
  type: VintageNetBridge,
  ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
  vintage_net_bridge: %{
    interfaces: ["eth0", "mesh0"]
  }
}

eth0_config = %{
  type: VintageNetEthernet,
  # the bridge handles ip addressing
  ipv4: %{method: :disabled},
}

VintageNet.configure("mesh0", mesh0_config)
VintageNet.configure("br0", br0_config)
VintageNet.configure("eth0", eth0_config)

This configuration is for devices on the mesh:

mesh0_config = %{
  type: VintageNetWiFi,
  vintage_net_wifi: %{
    user_mpm: 1,
    # mesh creates a "virtual" interface based on
    # this interface name
    root_interface: "wlan0",
    networks: [
      %{
        key_mgmt: :none,
        ssid: "my-mesh",
        frequency: 2432,
        mode: :mesh
      }
    ]
  },
  # the mesh is bridged on the other
  # device, so we can use dhcp now
  ipv4: %{method: :dhcp},
}
VintageNet.configure("mesh0", mesh0_config)

Network interaction

For sharing your WAN connection (e.g. internet access) with other networks iptables must be installed. Currently this means building a custom nerves system. Once this is done the following commands need to be called on each boot:

wan = "eth0"
cmd "sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1"
cmd "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o #{wan} -j MASQUERADE"
cmd "iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface wlan0 -j ACCEPT"
# Only needed if the connection is blocked otherwise (like a default policy of DROP)
cmd "iptables -A INPUT -i #{wan} -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT"

Common tasks

Temporarily disable WiFi

VintageNet persists configurations by default. Sometimes you just want to disable a network temporarily and then if the device reboots, it reboots to the old configuration. The :persist option let's you do this:

VintageNet.deconfigure("wlan0", persist: false)

To get the old configuration back, you have to call VintageNet.configure/3 with it again (or restart VintageNet or reboot).

Perform some initialization to turn on a network interface

VintageNet waits for network interfaces to appear before doing any work. If you need to perform some work to make the network interface show up, that has to be done elsewhere. If you let VintageNet know about this work and allow it to turn the network interface off too, it can "cycle power" to the interface to get it back to a clean state when needed. Here's how:

defmodule MyPowerManager do
  @behaviour VintageNet.PowerManager

  @reset_n_gpio 4
  @power_on_hold_time 5 * 60000
  @min_powered_off_time 5000

  defstruct reset_n: nil

  @impl VintageNet.PowerManager
  def init(_args) do
    {:ok, reset_n} = Circuits.GPIO.open(@reset_n_gpio, :output)
    {:ok, %__MODULE__{reset_n: reset_n}}
  end

  @impl VintageNet.PowerManager
  def power_on(state) do
    # Do whatever is necessary to turn the network interface on
    Circuits.GPIO.write(state.reset_n, 1)
    {:ok, state, @power_on_hold_time}
  end

  @impl VintageNet.PowerManager
  def start_powering_off(state) do
    # If there's a graceful power off, start it here and return
    # the max time it takes.
    {:ok, state, 0}
  end

  @impl VintageNet.PowerManager
  def power_off(state) do
    # Disable the network interface
    Circuits.GPIO.write(state.reset_n, 0)
    {:ok, state, @min_powered_off_time}
  end

Then add the following to your config.exs:

config :vintage_net, power_managers: [{MyPowerManager, ifname: "wlan0"}]

VintageNet determines whether devices are ok by use of a watchdog. VintageNet and its technology implementations pet the watchdog by calling VintageNet.PowerManager.PMControl.pet_watchdog/1. This may be insufficient for your application. Options include calling that function in your code regularly or modifying the :watchdog_timeout in the power manager spec in your config.exs.

See VintageNet.PowerManager for details.

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View Source VintageNet Cookbook

Compile-time vs. run-time

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Network interface names

Wired Ethernet

Wired Ethernet with DHCP

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Wired Ethernet with a static IP

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

WiFi

Normal password-protected WiFi (WPA2 PSK)

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Normal password-protected WiFi with static IP

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Multiple WiFi networks

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Enterprise WiFi (PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPV2)

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Enterprise WiFi with device certificate (EAP-TLS)

Hidden WiFi networks

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Access point WiFi

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Advanced Use of WPA Supplicant

Compile-time (config)

Run-time (IEx)

Bridged Mesh WiFi

Network interaction

Share WAN with other networks

Common tasks

Temporarily disable WiFi

Perform some initialization to turn on a network interface