View Source Raspberry Pi Model Zero, A+, B, and B+
This is the base Nerves System configuration for the Raspberry Pi A+, B, and B+. It will also work with the Raspberry Pi Zero, but usually nerves_system_rpi0 is preferable since it configures the USB port so that it can be plugged into a computer. This is very convenient for powering and debugging the Pi Zero. If you want to use the Raspberry Pi Zero's USB port in "host" mode (e.g., to attach a USB Flash drive or other peripheral), then this repository works and may be more appropriate.
This is not the configuration for the Raspberry Pi 2 or 3.
<sup>[Image credit](#fritzing)</sup>
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| CPU | 700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S for A+, B, and B+, 1 GHz ARM1176JZF-S for the Zero |
| Memory | 256 MB for rev 1 boards, 512 MB for rev 2 and the Zero |
| Storage | MicroSD |
| Linux kernel | 6.1 w/ Raspberry Pi patches |
| IEx terminal | HDMI and USB keyboard (can be changed to UART) |
| GPIO, I2C, SPI | Yes - Elixir Circuits |
| ADC | No |
| PWM | Yes, but no Elixir support |
| UART | 1 available - ttyAMA0 |
| Camera | Yes - via rpi-userland |
| Ethernet | Yes (only on the B and B+) |
| WiFi | RPi 0W or some USB WiFi dongles |
| Bluetooth | Supported on the Pi Zero W |
| Audio | HDMI/Stereo out |
Using
The most common way of using this Nerves System is create a project with mix nerves.new and to export MIX_TARGET=rpi. See the Getting started
guide
for more information.
If you need custom modifications to this system for your device, clone this repository and update as described in Making custom systems.
Supported USB WiFi devices
The base image includes drivers and firmware for Ralink RT53xx
(rt2800usb driver) and RealTek RTL8712U (r8712u driver) devices.
We are still working out which subset of all possible WiFi dongles to support in our images. At some point, we may have the option to support all dongles and selectively install modules at packaging time, but until then, these drivers and their associated firmware blobs add significantly to Nerves release images.
If you are unsure what driver your WiFi dongle requires, run Raspbian and
configure WiFi for your device. At a shell prompt, run lsmod to see which
drivers are loaded. Running dmesg may also give a clue. When using dmesg,
reinsert the USB dongle to generate new log messages if you don't see them.
Bluetooth
BlueHeronTransportUART
supports bluetooth on the Pi Zero W using ttyS0.
See details
here.
Audio
The Raspberry Pi has many options for audio output. This system supports the HDMI and stereo audio jack output. The Linux ALSA drivers are used for audio output.
The general Raspberry Pi audio documentation mostly applies to Nerves. For example, to force audio out the HDMI port, run:
cmd("amixer cset numid=3 2")Change the last argument to amixer to 1 to output to the stereo output jack.
Provisioning devices
This system supports storing provisioning information in a small key-value store outside of any filesystem. Provisioning is an optional step and reasonable defaults are provided if this is missing.
Provisioning information can be queried using the Nerves.Runtime KV store's
Nerves.Runtime.KV.get/1
function.
Keys used by this system are:
| Key | Example Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
nerves_serial_number | "12345678" | By default, this string is used to create unique hostnames and Erlang node names. If unset, it defaults to part of the Raspberry Pi's device ID. |
The normal procedure would be to set these keys once in manufacturing or before deployment and then leave them alone.
For example, to provision a serial number on a running device, run the following and reboot:
iex> cmd("fw_setenv nerves_serial_number 12345678")This system supports setting the serial number offline. To do this, set the
NERVES_SERIAL_NUMBER environment variable when burning the firmware. If you're
programming MicroSD cards using fwup, the commandline is:
sudo NERVES_SERIAL_NUMBER=12345678 fwup path_to_firmware.fw
Serial numbers are stored on the MicroSD card so if the MicroSD card is replaced, the serial number will need to be reprogrammed. The numbers are stored in a U-boot environment block. This is a special region that is separate from the application partition so reformatting the application partition will not lose the serial number or any other data stored in this block.
Additional key value pairs can be provisioned by overriding the default
provisioning.conf file location by setting the environment variable
NERVES_PROVISIONING=/path/to/provisioning.conf. The default provisioning.conf
will set the nerves_serial_number, if you override the location to this file,
you will be responsible for setting this yourself.
Linux kernel and RPi firmware/userland
There's a subtle coupling between the nerves_system_br version and the Linux
kernel version used here. nerves_system_br provides the versions of
rpi-userland and rpi-firmware that get installed. I prefer to match them to
the Linux kernel to avoid any issues. Unfortunately, none of these are tagged by
the Raspberry Pi Foundation so I either attempt to match what's in Raspbian or
take versions of the repositories that have similar commit times.
Image credit: This image is from the Fritzing parts library.